Consistency and Diversity induced Human Motion Segmentation
Nanjing University of Science and Technology（南京理工大学）；Agency for Science, Technology and Research（新加坡科技研究局）；Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority（沙特数据与人工智能局）；Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）；Stony Brook University（石溪大学）
Tao Zhou, Huazhu Fu, Chen Gong, Ling Shao, Fatih Porikli, Haibin Ling, Jianbing Shen
Subspace clustering is a classical technique that has been widely used for human motion segmentation and other related tasks. However, existing segmentation methods often cluster data without guidance from prior knowledge, resulting in unsatisfactory segmentation results. To this end, we propose a novel Consistency and Diversity induced human Motion Segmentation (CDMS) algorithm. Specifically, our model factorizes the source and target data into distinct multi-layer feature spaces, in which transfer subspace learning is conducted on different layers to capture multi-level information. A multi-mutual consistency learning strategy is carried out to reduce the domain gap between the source and target data. In this way, the domain-specific knowledge and domain-invariant properties can be explored simultaneously. Besides, a novel constraint based on the Hilbert Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC) is introduced to ensure the diversity of multi-level subspace representations, which enables the complementarity of multi-level representations to be explored to boost the transfer learning performance. Moreover, to preserve the temporal correlations, an enhanced graph regularizer is imposed on the learned representation coefficients and the multi-level representations of the source data. The proposed model can be efficiently solved using the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. Extensive experimental results on public human motion datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method against several state-of-the-art approaches.
Automatic segmentation of vestibular schwannoma (VS) and cochlea from magnetic resonance imaging can facilitate VS treatment planning. Unsupervised segmentation methods have shown promising results without requiring the time-consuming and laborious manual labeling process. In this paper, we present an approach for VS and cochlea segmentation in an unsupervised domain adaptation setting. Specifically, we first develop a cross-site cross-modality unpaired image translation strategy to enrich the diversity of the synthesized data. Then, we devise a rule-based offline augmentation technique to fur…
Diversity-enhanced Collaborative Mamba for Semi-supervised Medical Image Segmentation
School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Nanjing University（智能科学与技术学院、南京大学）；School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney（电气与信息工程学院、悉尼大学）
Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago（芝加哥丰田技术研究所）；Google（谷歌）
We leverage unsupervised learning of depth, egomotion, and camera intrinsics to improve the performance of single-image semantic segmentation, by enforcing 3D-geometric and temporal consistency of segmentation masks across video frames. The predicted depth, egomotion, and camera intrinsics are used to provide an additional supervision signal to the segmentation model, significantly enhancing its quality, or, alternatively, reducing the number of labels the segmentation model needs. Our experiments were performed on the ScanNet dataset.
Semantic image segmentation is a fundamental task in image understanding. Per-pixel semantic labelling of an image benefits greatly from the ability to consider region consistency both locally and globally. However, many Fully Convolutional Network based methods do not impose such consistency, which may give rise to noisy and implausible predictions. We address this issue by proposing a dense multi-label network module that is able to encourage the region consistency at different levels. This simple but effective module can be easily integrated into any semantic segmentation systems. With comp…
Jilin University（吉林大学）；Baidu Research（百度研究院）；National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Learning Technology and Application（深度学习技术及应用国家工程实验室）
Current semi-supervised semantic segmentation methods mainly focus on designing pixel-level consistency and contrastive regularization. However, pixel-level regularization is sensitive to noise from pixels with incorrect predictions, and pixel-level contrastive regularization has memory and computational cost with O(pixel_num^2). To address the issues, we propose a novel region-level contrastive and consistency learning framework (RC^2L) for semi-supervised semantic segmentation. Specifically, we first propose a Region Mask Contrastive (RMC) loss and a Region Feature Contrastive (RFC) loss to …
SNUAILAB（首尔大学人工智能实验室）；Seoul National Univ.（首尔大学）；KyeongBook Univ.（庆北大学）
The consistency loss has played a key role in solving problems in recent studies on semi-supervised learning. Yet extant studies with the consistency loss are limited to its application to classification tasks; extant studies on semi-supervised semantic segmentation rely on pixel-wise classification, which does not reflect the structured nature of characteristics in prediction. We propose a structured consistency loss to address this limitation of extant studies. Structured consistency loss promotes consistency in inter-pixel similarity between teacher and student networks. Specifically, colla…
Video semantic segmentation is an essential task for the analysis and understanding of videos. Recent efforts largely focus on supervised video segmentation by learning from fully annotated data, but the learnt models often experience clear performance drop while applied to videos of a different domain. This paper presents DA-VSN, a domain adaptive video segmentation network that addresses domain gaps in videos by temporal consistency regularization (TCR) for consecutive frames of target-domain videos. DA-VSN consists of two novel and complementary designs. The first is cross-domain TCR that g…
HCDG: A Hierarchical Consistency Framework for Domain Generalization on Medical Image Segmentation
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)（香港科技大学（广州））；University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）；The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）；The University of Hong Kong（香港大学）
This paper studies the problem of semi-supervised video object segmentation(VOS). Multiple works have shown that memory-based approaches can be effective for video object segmentation. They are mostly based on pixel-level matching, both spatially and temporally. The main shortcoming of memory-based approaches is that they do not take into account the sequential order among frames and do not exploit object-level knowledge from the target. To address this limitation, we propose to Learn position and target Consistency framework for Memory-based video object segmentation, termed as LCM. It applie…
Embracing Intra-Class Heterogeneity for Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation: From Diversity to Precision
School of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University（同济大学计算机科学与技术学院）；Artificial Intelligence Institute, Shanghai University（上海大学人工智能研究院）；Department of Computer and Data Sciences, Case Western Reserve University（凯斯西储大学计算机与数据科学系）；Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University（凯斯西储大学生物医学工程系）
Tsinghua University（清华大学）；Microsoft Research Asia（微软亚洲研究院）
The lack of fine-grained 3D shape segmentation data is the main obstacle to developing learning-based 3D segmentation techniques. We propose an effective semi-supervised method for learning 3D segmentations from a few labeled 3D shapes and a large amount of unlabeled 3D data. For the unlabeled data, we present a novel multilevel consistency loss to enforce consistency of network predictions between perturbed copies of a 3D shape at multiple levels: point-level, part-level, and hierarchical level. For the labeled data, we develop a simple yet effective part substitution scheme to augment the la…
In this paper, we tackle the problem of temporally consistent boundary detection and hierarchical segmentation in videos. While finding the best high-level reasoning of region assignments in videos is the focus of much recent research, temporal consistency in boundary detection has so far only rarely been tackled. We argue that temporally consistent boundaries are a key component to temporally consistent region assignment. The proposed method is based on the point-wise mutual information (PMI) of spatio-temporal voxels. Temporal consistency is established by an evaluation of PMI-based point af…
Automated methods for Cobb angle estimation are of high demand for scoliosis assessment. Existing methods typically calculate the Cobb angle from landmark estimation, or simply combine the low-level task (e.g., landmark detection and spine segmentation) with the Cobb angle regression task, without fully exploring the benefits from each other. In this study, we propose a novel multi-task framework, named Seg4Reg+, which jointly optimizes the segmentation and regression networks. We thoroughly investigate both local and global consistency and knowledge transfer between each other. Specifically, …
Polytechnique Montreal（蒙特利尔理工学院）；Universite de Montreal（蒙特利尔大学）
Recently proposed techniques for semi-supervised learning such as Temporal Ensembling and Mean Teacher have achieved state-of-the-art results in many important classification benchmarks. In this work, we expand the Mean Teacher approach to segmentation tasks and show that it can bring important improvements in a realistic small data regime using a publicly available multi-center dataset from the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) domain. We also devise a method to solve the problems that arise when using traditional data augmentation strategies for segmentation tasks on our new training scheme.
Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology（蔚山科学技术院）；Korea University（高丽大学）
Segmentation is a fundamental process in microscopic cell image analysis. With the advent of recent advances in deep learning, more accurate and high-throughput cell segmentation has become feasible. However, most existing deep learning-based cell segmentation algorithms require fully annotated ground-truth cell labels, which are time-consuming and labor-intensive to generate. In this paper, we introduce Scribble2Label, a novel weakly-supervised cell segmentation framework that exploits only a handful of scribble annotations without full segmentation labels. The core idea is to combine pseudo-…
University of Pittsburgh（匹兹堡大学）；Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）；The University of Melbourne（墨尔本大学）
An organ segmentation method that can generalize to unseen contrasts and scanner settings can significantly reduce the need for retraining of deep learning models. Domain Generalization (DG) aims to achieve this goal. However, most DG methods for segmentation require training data from multiple domains during training. We propose a novel adversarial domain generalization method for organ segmentation trained on data from a \emph{single} domain. We synthesize the new domains via learning an adversarial domain synthesizer (ADS) and presume that the synthetic domains cover a large enough area of …
Semi-supervised domain adaptation (SSDA) aims to solve tasks in target domain by utilizing transferable information learned from the available source domain and a few labeled target data. However, source data is not always accessible in practical scenarios, which restricts the application of SSDA in real world circumstances. In this paper, we propose a novel task named Semi-supervised Source Hypothesis Transfer (SSHT), which performs domain adaptation based on source trained model, to generalize well in target domain with a few supervisions. In SSHT, we are facing two challenges: (1) The insuf…
Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Center for frontier AI research（前沿人工智能研究中心）
The expensive annotation cost is notoriously known as the main constraint for the development of the point cloud semantic segmentation technique. Active learning methods endeavor to reduce such cost by selecting and labeling only a subset of the point clouds, yet previous attempts ignore the spatial-structural diversity of the selected samples, inducing the model to select clustered candidates with similar shapes in a local area while missing other representative ones in the global environment. In this paper, we propose a new 3D region-based active learning method to tackle this problem. Dubbe…
Weakly supervised instance segmentation reduces the cost of annotations required to train models. However, existing approaches which rely only on image-level class labels predominantly suffer from errors due to (a) partial segmentation of objects and (b) missing object predictions. We show that these issues can be better addressed by training with weakly labeled videos instead of images. In videos, motion and temporal consistency of predictions across frames provide complementary signals which can help segmentation. We are the first to explore the use of these video signals to tackle weakly su…
CPS4: Class Prompt driven Semi-Supervised Spine Segmentation with Class-specific Consistency Constraint
School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University（山东大学控制科学与工程学院）；Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University（中国医科大学附属盛京医院核医学科）；Department of Computer and Data Science, Case Western Reserve University（凯斯西储大学计算机与数据科学系）；Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University（凯斯西储大学生物医学工程系）
Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago（芝加哥丰田技术研究所）
Semantic image segmentation is an important computer vision task that is difficult because it consists of both recognition and segmentation. The task is often cast as a structured output problem on an exponentially large output-space, which is typically modeled by a discrete probabilistic model. The best segmentation is found by inferring the Maximum a-Posteriori (MAP) solution over the output distribution defined by the model. Due to limitations in optimization, the model cannot be arbitrarily complex. This leads to a trade-off: devise a more accurate model that incorporates rich high-order i…
Semi-supervised semantic segmentation needs rich and robust supervision on unlabeled data. Consistency learning enforces the same pixel to have similar features in different augmented views, which is a robust signal but neglects relationships with other pixels. In comparison, contrastive learning considers rich pairwise relationships, but it can be a conundrum to assign binary positive-negative supervision signals for pixel pairs. In this paper, we take the best of both worlds and propose multi-view correlation consistency (MVCC) learning: it considers rich pairwise relationships in self-corre…
In Computed Tomography, machine learning is often used for automated data processing. However, increasing model complexity is accompanied by increasingly large volume datasets, which in turn increases the cost of model training. Unlike most work that mitigates this by advancing model architectures and training algorithms, we consider the annotation procedure and its effect on the model performance. We assume three main virtues of a good dataset collected for a model training to be label quality, diversity, and completeness. We compare the effects of those virtues on the model performance using…
Towards Voxel Spacing Consistency for Medical Image Segmentation
Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学医疗机器人研究院）；Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Chest Hospital（上海市胸科医院超声科）；CAMPAR, Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学CAMPAR）
We address the task of active learning in the context of semantic segmentation and show that self-consistency can be a powerful source of self-supervision to greatly improve the performance of a data-driven model with access to only a small amount of labeled data. Self-consistency uses the simple observation that the results of semantic segmentation for a specific image should not change under transformations like horizontal flipping (i.e., the results should only be flipped). In other words, the output of a model should be consistent under equivariant transformations. The self-supervisory sig…
Dual-scale Enhanced and Cross-generative Consistency Learning for Semi-supervised Medical Image Segmentation
PCA Laboratory（PCA实验室）；School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology（南京理工大学计算机科学与工程学院）；School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University（东南大学计算机科学与工程学院）；Medical School, Nanjing University（南京大学医学院）；National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University（南京大学国家医疗数据科学研究院）；Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR（新加坡科技研究局高性能计算研究所）
1st Place Winner of the 2024 Pixel-level Video Understanding in the Wild (CVPR'24 PVUW) Challenge in Video Panoptic Segmentation and Best Long Video Consistency of Video Semantic Segmentation
Device Solutions Research America, Samsung Semiconductor, Inc.（三星半导体公司美国设备解决方案研究中心）
In this paper, we present a novel cross-consistency based semi-supervised approach for semantic segmentation. Consistency training has proven to be a powerful semi-supervised learning framework for leveraging unlabeled data under the cluster assumption, in which the decision boundary should lie in low-density regions. In this work, we first observe that for semantic segmentation, the low-density regions are more apparent within the hidden representations than within the inputs. We thus propose cross-consistency training, where an invariance of the predictions is enforced over different perturb…
Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence（穆罕默德·本·扎耶德人工智能大学）
Video semantic segmentation has achieved great progress under the supervision of large amounts of labelled training data. However, domain adaptive video segmentation, which can mitigate data labelling constraints by adapting from a labelled source domain toward an unlabelled target domain, is largely neglected. We design temporal pseudo supervision (TPS), a simple and effective method that explores the idea of consistency training for learning effective representations from unlabelled target videos. Unlike traditional consistency training that builds consistency in spatial space, we explore co…
Dynamic routing networks, aimed at finding the best routing paths in the networks, have achieved significant improvements to neural networks in terms of accuracy and efficiency. In this paper, we see dynamic routing networks in a fresh light, formulating a routing method as a mapping from a sample space to a routing space. From the perspective of space mapping, prevalent methods of dynamic routing didn't consider how inference paths would be distributed in the routing space. Thus, we propose a novel method, termed CoDiNet, to model the relationship between a sample space and a routing space by…
Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) for semantic segmentation has been well-studied in recent years. However, most existing works largely neglect the local regional consistency across different domains and are less robust to changes in outdoor environments. In this paper, we propose a novel and fully end-to-end trainable approach, called regional contrastive consistency regularization (RCCR) for domain adaptive semantic segmentation. Our core idea is to pull the similar regional features extracted from the same location of different images, i.e., the original image and augmented image, to be …
Generalizability is seen as one of the major challenges in deep learning, in particular in the domain of medical imaging, where a change of hospital or in imaging routines can lead to a complete failure of a model. To tackle this, we introduce Consistency Training, a training procedure and alternative to data augmentation based on maximizing models' prediction consistency across augmented and unaugmented data in order to facilitate better out-of-distribution generalization. To this end, we develop a novel region-based segmentation loss function called Segmentation Inconsistency Loss (SIL), whi…
Semi-supervised semantic segmentation focuses on the exploration of a small amount of labeled data and a large amount of unlabeled data, which is more in line with the demands of real-world image understanding applications. However, it is still hindered by the inability to fully and effectively leverage unlabeled images. In this paper, we reveal that cross-window consistency (CWC) is helpful in comprehensively extracting auxiliary supervision from unlabeled data. Additionally, we propose a novel CWC-driven progressive learning framework to optimize the deep network by mining weak-to-strong con…
Univ. Bordeaux（波尔多大学）；Bordeaux INP（波尔多国立高等综合理工学院）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；LaBRI（波尔多计算机科学实验室）；IMB（波尔多数学研究所）；ITACA（信息与通信技术应用研究所）；Universitat Politècnica de València（瓦伦西亚理工大学）
Semi-supervised learning (SSL) uses unlabeled data to compensate for the scarcity of annotated images and the lack of method generalization to unseen domains, two usual problems in medical segmentation tasks. In this work, we propose POPCORN, a novel method combining consistency regularization and pseudo-labeling designed for image segmentation. The proposed framework uses high-level regularization to constrain our segmentation model to use similar latent features for images with similar segmentations. POPCORN estimates a proximity graph to select data from easiest ones to more difficult ones,…
LPD: Learnable Prototypes with Diversity Regularization for Weakly Supervised Histopathology Segmentation
University of Houston（德克萨斯大学休斯顿分校）；Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology（胡志明市技术大学）；University of Information Technology（信息科技大学）；Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City（越南胡志明市国家大学）；University of Technology Sydney（悉尼技术大学）；The University of Danang - VNUK Institute for Research and Executive Education（丹绒大学 - VNUK研究与执行教育学院）；Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）；Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine（蒙特夫iore医疗中心，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学院）
Cardiac segmentation is an essential step for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. However, pixel-wise dense labeling is both costly and time-consuming. Scribble, as a form of sparse annotation, is more accessible than full annotations. However, it's particularly challenging to train a segmentation network with weak supervision from scribbles. To tackle this problem, we propose a new scribble-guided method for cardiac segmentation, based on the Positive-Unlabeled (PU) learning framework and global consistency regularization, and termed as ShapePU. To leverage unlabeled pixels via PU learn…
CyclePose -- Leveraging Cycle-Consistency for Annotation-Free Nuclei Segmentation in Fluorescence Microscopy
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU)（弗里德里希-亚历山大-埃尔朗根-纽伦堡大学（FAU））；Universität Würzburg（维尔茨堡大学）；Center for AI and Data Science (CAIDAS)（人工智能与数据科学中心（CAIDAS））
Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)（埃尔朗根-纽伦堡大学（FAU））；Siemens Healthcare GmbH（西门子医疗有限公司）
Metal implants that are inserted into the patient's body during trauma interventions cause heavy artifacts in 3D X-ray acquisitions. Metal Artifact Reduction (MAR) methods, whose first step is always a segmentation of the present metal objects, try to remove these artifacts. Thereby, the segmentation is a crucial task which has strong influence on the MAR's outcome. This study proposes and evaluates a learning-based patch-wise segmentation network and a newly proposed Consistency Check as post-processing step. The combination of the learned segmentation and Consistency Check reaches a high seg…
Semi-supervised learning has attracted great attention in the field of machine learning, especially for medical image segmentation tasks, since it alleviates the heavy burden of collecting abundant densely annotated data for training. However, most of existing methods underestimate the importance of challenging regions (e.g. small branches or blurred edges) during training. We believe that these unlabeled regions may contain more crucial information to minimize the uncertainty prediction for the model and should be emphasized in the training process. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a nove…
INSA Centre Val de Loire（卢瓦尔河谷中央国立应用科学学院）；Clinique Medipole Garonne（加龙河医疗 pole 诊所）
Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia (UGRA) has been gaining importance in the last few years, offering numerous advantages over alternative methods of nerve localization (neurostimulation or paraesthesia). However, nerve detection is one of the most tasks that anaesthetists can encounter in the UGRA procedure. Computer aided system that can detect automatically region of nerve, would help practitioner to concentrate more in anaesthetic delivery. In this paper we propose a new method based on deep learning combined with spatiotemporal information to robustly segment the nerve region. The prop…
