用化石流出打破猎户座的面纱泡沫
Breaking Orion's Veil bubble with fossil outflows
摘要：
反馈在恒星形成的自我调节中的作用是天体物理学中的一个基本问题。猎户座星云是最近的正在进行和最近的大质量恒星形成的地点。这是一个研究恒星反馈的独特实验室。最近的SOFIA [CII] 158 $μ$ m观测揭示了一个膨胀的气泡，面纱壳，由恒星风和电离反馈提供动力。我们已经确定了猎户座面纱外壳西北部的一个类似于猎户座的子结构，这可能表明了高度定向的额外反馈机制。我们的目标是通过量化其可能的驱动机制来研究突起的起源。我们使用SOFIA上的upGREAT仪器获得的猎户座星云[CII] 158 $μ$ m图。观测的光谱和空间分辨率分别为0.3 km/s和16 arcsec。我们认为这一突出的三种可能的起源：化石外流腔产生的喷流/流出在原恒星吸积阶段，预先存在的块状的OMC-1核心，恒星风在主序星阶段。基于能量学和形态学，我们得出结论，西北部的预先存在的云是局部扰动的外流喷出的大规模原恒星在梯形星团。这表明面纱的突出是机械反馈而不是辐射反馈的结果。此外，我们认为，该位置的突起是一个合适的地方，打破猎户座面纱，由于光烧蚀从壁的突起。我们的结论是，大质量原恒星的外流可以影响未来的\hii \，区域的形态，甚至导致在电离前沿的破裂。具体来说，主序星的恒星风与原恒星喷流预处理的分子核心的相互作用是重要的。
英文摘要：
The role of feedback in the self-regulation of star formation is a fundamental question in astrophysics. The Orion Nebula is the nearest site of ongoing and recent massive star formation. It is a unique laboratory for the study of stellar feedback. Recent SOFIA [CII] 158 $μ$m observations revealed an expanding bubble, the Veil shell, being powered by stellar winds and ionization feedback. We have identified a protrusion-like substructure in the Northwest portion of the Orion Veil Shell that may indicate additional feedback mechanisms that are highly directional. Our goal is to investigate the origin of the protrusion by quantifying its possible driving mechanisms. We use the [CII] 158 $μ$m map of the Orion Nebula obtained with the upGREAT instrument onboard SOFIA. The spectral and spatial resolution of the observations are 0.3 km/s and 16 arcsec, respectively. We consider three possible origins for this protrusion: Fossil outflow cavities created by jets/outflows during the protostellar accretion phase, pre-existing clumpiness in the OMC-1 core, and the stellar wind during the main sequence phase. Based on the energetics and the morphology, we conclude that the northwestern part of the pre-existing cloud was locally perturbed by outflows ejected from massive protostars in the Trapezium cluster. This suggests that the protrusion of the Veil is the result of mechanical rather than radiative feedback. Furthermore, we argue that the location of the protrusion is a suitable place to break the Orion Veil owing to the photo-ablation from the walls of the protrusion. We conclude that the outflows of massive protostars can influence the morphology of the future \hii\,region and even cause breakages in the ionization front. Specifically, the interaction of stellar winds of main-sequence stars with the molecular core pre-processed by the protostellar jet is important.
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