四重小行星的首次观测--用SPHERE/IFS探测（130）Elektra周围的第三颗卫星
First observation of a quadruple asteroid -- Detection of a third moon around (130) Elektra with SPHERE/IFS
摘要：
目的。我们的目标是提高对比度极限，以探测绕已知小行星运行的新卫星。我们使用尖端的数据简化技术和数据处理算法，这些技术和算法对于最佳分析仪器提供的原始数据并提高其性能至关重要。这样一来，SPHERE无与伦比的性能也使其成为解析和研究太阳系小行星的独特工具，扩大了其主要科学目标的范围。方法.我们应用了一个新开发的数据简化管道的积分场光谱仪的档案SPHERE数据的解决小行星，（130）Elektra。它与一个专门的点扩散函数重建算法相结合，以模拟小行星晕。在去除光晕之后，可以更准确地提取月球信号。月球位置在三个时期进行了拟合，并用于通过基于遗传的算法得出轨道参数。结果我们宣布发现了S/2014（130）2，这是第三颗围绕（130）Elektra运行的卫星，也是有史以来发现的第一颗四重小行星。它在2014年12月9日、30日和31日这三个不同的时期被确认，角距分别为258 mas（333 km）、229 mas（327 km）和319 mas（457 km）。我们估计这颗卫星的周期为0.679天，半长轴为344公里，偏心率为0.33，与主旋转轴相比倾角为38度。相对于主星的相对星等为10.5等，其大小估计为1.6公里。
英文摘要：
Aims. We aim to increase the contrast limits to detect new satellites orbiting known asteroids. We use cutting-edge data reduction techniques and data processing algorithms that are essential to best analyse the raw data provided by the instruments and increase their performances. Doing so, the unequalled performances of SPHERE also make it a unique tool to resolve and study asteroids in the solar system, expanding the domain of its main science targets. Methods. We applied a newly developed data reduction pipeline for integral field spectrographs on archival SPHERE data of a resolved asteroid, (130) Elektra. It was coupled with a dedicated point spread function reconstruction algorithm to model the asteroid halo. Following the halo removal, the moon signal could be extracted more accurately. The moon positions were fitted at three epochs and were used to derive the orbital parameters via a genetic-based algorithm. Results. We announce the discovery of S/2014 (130) 2, a third moon orbiting (130) Elektra, making it the first quadruple asteroid ever found. It is identified in three different epochs, 9, 30, and 31 Dec. 2014, at a respective angular separation of 258 mas (333 km), 229 mas (327 km), and 319 mas (457 km). We estimate that this moon has a period of 0.679 day and a semi-major axis of 344 km, with an eccentricity of 0.33 and an inclination of 38 degrees compared to the primary rotation axis. With a relative magnitude to the primary of 10.5, its size is estimated to be 1.6 km.
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