按需共识
Consensus on Demand
摘要：
数字货币可以通过避免共识来有效实施。然而，无共识实现也有缺点，因为它们不能支持智能合约，而且（更根本的是）它们不能处理冲突的交易。我们提出了一种新的协议，它结合了异步的、基于广播的数字货币的优点，并具有达成共识的能力。这是通过选择性地进行后验共识来实现的，即，只有在绝对必要的时候。我们的按需共识是以限制拜占庭参与者在系统中少于五分之一的少数群体为代价的，这是最佳阈值。我们正式证明了我们的系统的正确性，并提出了一个开源的实现，它继承了以太坊生态系统的许多功能。
英文摘要：
Digital money can be implemented efficiently by avoiding consensus. However, no-consensus implementations have drawbacks, as they cannot support smart contracts, and (even more fundamentally) they cannot deal with conflicting transactions. We present a novel protocol that combines the benefits of an asynchronous, broadcast-based digital currency, with the capacity to perform consensus. This is achieved by selectively performing consensus a posteriori, i.e., only when absolutely necessary. Our on-demand consensus comes at the price of restricting the Byzantine participants to be less than a one-fifth minority in the system, which is the optimal threshold. We formally prove the correctness of our system and present an open-source implementation, which inherits many features from the Ethereum ecosystem.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
