污垢上的堆积群：具有淬火和退火无序的二维不可压缩群
Packed swarms on dirt: two-dimensional incompressible flocks with quenched and annealed disorder
摘要：
我们表明，不可压缩的极性活性流体可以表现出有序的，连贯的运动相，即使在二维淬火无序的存在下。与具有退火的这种活性流体（即，依赖于时间的）无序，其表现得像具有长程相互作用的平衡铁磁体，这种对淬火无序的鲁棒性是基本上非平衡现象。该有序态属于一个新的普适类，我们用三种不同的重整化群方案计算了它的标度律，它们的标度指数都在0.02以内，表明我们的结果是相当准确的。我们的预测可以在现成的人工活性系统中进行定量测试，这意味着生物系统（如细胞层）可以在体内连贯地移动，其中紊乱是不可避免的。
英文摘要：
We show that incompressible polar active fluids can exhibit an ordered, coherently moving phase even in the presence of quenched disorder in two dimensions. Unlike such active fluids with annealed (i.e., time-dependent) disorder only, which behave like equilibrium ferromagnets with long-range interactions, this robustness against quenched disorder is a fundamentally non-equilibrium phenomenon. The ordered state belongs to a new universality class, whose scaling laws we calculate using three different renormalization group schemes, which all give scaling exponents within 0.02 of each other, indicating that our results are quite accurate. Our predictions can be quantitatively tested in readily available artificial active systems, and imply that biological systems such as cell layers can move coherently in vivo, where disorder is inevitable.
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