利用电磁频移研究暗能量
Investigating dark energy by electromagnetic frequency shifts
摘要：
通过考虑电磁学的扩展理论（ETE），所观察到的红移$z$可能由膨胀红移$z_{\rm C}$和朝向红色或蓝色的附加频移$z_{\rm S}$组成。事实上，大质量光子理论-光子具有如在de Broglie-Proca理论中的真实质量或如在标准模型扩展（SME）中的有效质量，基于洛伦兹-庞加莱对称破坏（LSV）或非线性电磁（NLEM）理论，可以在背景（间）星系电磁场的存在下诱导宇宙膨胀独立的频率偏移，并且在相关的LSV场的情况下，即使两个场都是恒定的。我们已经测试了这一预测考虑万神殿目录，由1048超新星Ia，和15 BAO数据，为不同的宇宙学模型的特点是没有一个宇宙学常数。从这些数据中，我们计算出哪些$z_{\rm S}$值与观测结果相匹配，跨越宇宙学参数（$Ω$密度和哈勃-勒梅特常数）域。我们的结论是，频移$z_{\rm S}$可以支持加速膨胀的替代方案，由于$z_{\rm S}$的光路依赖性，自然地容纳距离模量与红移图中的每个SN Ia位置。最后，我们简要地提到实验室测试方法来研究ETE预测的额外变化。
英文摘要：
The observed red shift $z$ might be composed by the expansion red shift $z_{\rm C}$ and an additional frequency shift $z_{\rm S}$, towards the red or the blue, by considering Extended Theories of Electromagnetism (ETE). Indeed, massive photon theories - the photon has a real mass as in the de Broglie-Proca theory or an effective mass as in the Standard-Model Extension (SME), based on Lorentz-Poincaré Symmetry Violation (LSV) - or Non-Linear Electro-Magnetism (NLEM) theories may induce a cosmological expansion independent frequency shift in presence of background (inter-) galactic electromagnetic fields, and where of relevance LSV fields, even when both fields are constant. We have tested this prediction considering the Pantheon Catalogue, composed by 1048 SNe Ia, and 15 BAO data, for different cosmological models characterised by the absence of a cosmological constant. From the data, we compute which values of $z_{\rm S}$ match the observations, spanning cosmological parameters ($Ω$ densities and Hubble-Lemaître constant) domains. We conclude that the frequency shift $z_{\rm S}$ can support an alternative to accelerated expansion, naturally accommodating each SN Ia position in the distance-modulus versus red shift diagram, due to the light-path dependency of $z_{\rm S}$. Finally, we briefly mention laboratory test approaches to investigate the additional shift from ETE predictions.
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