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从裸露的球状体到盘状星系:大质量盘状星系如何塑造它们的形态?

From naked spheroids to disky galaxies: how do massive disk galaxies shape their morphology?

L. Costantin, P. G. Pérez-González, J. Méndez-Abreu, M. Huertas-Company, B. Alcalde Pampliega, M. Balcells, G. Barro, D. Ceverino, P. Dimauro, H. Domínguez Sánc… 展开作者

L. Costantin, P. G. Pérez-González, J. Méndez-Abreu, M. Huertas-Company, B. Alcalde Pampliega, M. Balcells, G. Barro, D. Ceverino, P. Dimauro, H. Domínguez Sánchez, N. Espino-Briones, A. M. Koekemoer

摘要:

我们研究了大质量盘星系的组装历史,并描述了它们如何通过宇宙时间塑造它们的形态。利用SHARDS和HST观测数据,模拟了91个红移为$0.14<z\leq 1$的大质量星系在$0.5-1.6$ $μ$ m波段的表面亮度分布,分别得到了星系球和星系盘的无污染光谱能量分布。这种分光光度分解使我们能够比较单个星系中每个组成部分的恒星种群特性。我们发现大多数大质量星系($\sim85\%$)都是由内而外地形成的,它们围绕着中心椭球体扩展出恒星盘。一些凸起和圆盘可能在相似的时期开始形成,但这些凸起比它们的圆盘生长得更快,分别在$\sim0.7$ Gyr和$\sim3.5$ Gyr中组装它们质量的$80\%$。此外,我们推断,无论是较老的凸起和较老的磁盘更大的质量和紧凑比年轻的恒星结构。特别是,我们发现,隆起显示了双峰分布的质量加权年龄,即,它们形成两个波。相反,我们的分析表明,他们形成在$z\sim1$的第一和第二波隆起的磁盘组件。这意味着第一波膨胀需要更长的时间来获得恒星盘($5.2$ Gyr),而第二波不太紧凑的球体($0.7$ Gyr)。我们没有发现不同的属性(例如,质量,恒星形成的时间尺度,和质量表面密度)的磁盘在这两种类型的星系。我们的结论是,球的质量和致密性主要调节恒星盘生长的时间,驱动了大质量盘星系的形态演化。

英文摘要:

We investigate the assembly history of massive disk galaxies and describe how they shape their morphology through cosmic time. Using SHARDS and HST data, we modeled the surface brightness distribution of 91 massive galaxies at redshift $0.14<z\leq 1$ in the wavelength range $0.5-1.6$ $μ$m, deriving the uncontaminated spectral energy distributions of their bulges and disks separately. This spectrophotometric decomposition allows us to compare the stellar populations properties of each component in individual galaxies. We find that the majority of massive galaxies ($\sim85\%$) builds inside-out, growing their extended stellar disk around the central spheroid. Some bulges and disks could start forming at similar epochs, but these bulges grow more rapidly than their disks, assembling $80\%$ of their mass in $\sim0.7$ Gyr and $\sim3.5$ Gyr, respectively. Moreover, we infer that both older bulges and older disks are more massive and compact than younger stellar structures. In particular, we find that bulges display a bimodal distribution of mass-weighted ages, i.e., they form in two waves. In contrast, our analysis of the disk components indicates that they form at $z\sim1$ for both first and second-wave bulges. This translates to first-wave bulges taking longer in acquiring a stellar disk ($5.2$ Gyr) compared to second-wave less-compact spheroids ($0.7$ Gyr). We do not find distinct properties (e.g., mass, star formation timescale, and mass surface density) for the disks in both types of galaxies. We conclude that the bulge mass and compactness mainly regulate the timing of the stellar disk growth, driving the morphological evolution of massive disk galaxies.

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