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内隐偏见下的选择:交叉约束的优势

Selection in the Presence of Implicit Bias: The Advantage of Intersectional Constraints

Yale University(耶鲁大学);CNRS(法国国家科学研究中心)

Anay Mehrotra, Bary S. R. Pradelski, Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

摘要:

在招聘、晋升和大学录取等选拔过程中,对候选人的种族、性别或性取向等社会显著属性的隐性偏见会产生持续的不平等,降低决策者的总体效用。干预措施,如鲁尼规则及其推广,这要求决策者选择至少指定数量的个人从每个受影响的群体,已被提出,以减轻在选择隐式偏见的不利影响。最近的工作已经确定,这样的下限约束可以非常有效地提高总效用的情况下,每个人属于最多一个受影响的群体。然而,在一些情况下,个人可能属于多个受影响的群体,因此,由于这种交叉性,面临更极端的隐性偏见。我们考虑独立绘制的效用,并表明,在交叉的情况下,上述非交叉约束只能恢复部分的总效用实现在没有隐含的偏见。另一方面,我们表明,如果一个包括适当的下限约束的交叉点,几乎所有的实用程序实现的情况下,隐式偏差可以恢复。因此,在减少不平等方面,交叉约束可以提供比逐维简化的非交叉方法更大的优势。

英文摘要:

In selection processes such as hiring, promotion, and college admissions, implicit bias toward socially-salient attributes such as race, gender, or sexual orientation of candidates is known to produce persistent inequality and reduce aggregate utility for the decision maker. Interventions such as the Rooney Rule and its generalizations, which require the decision maker to select at least a specified number of individuals from each affected group, have been proposed to mitigate the adverse effects of implicit bias in selection. Recent works have established that such lower-bound constraints can be very effective in improving aggregate utility in the case when each individual belongs to at most one affected group. However, in several settings, individuals may belong to multiple affected groups and, consequently, face more extreme implicit bias due to this intersectionality. We consider independently drawn utilities and show that, in the intersectional case, the aforementioned non-intersectional constraints can only recover part of the total utility achievable in the absence of implicit bias. On the other hand, we show that if one includes appropriate lower-bound constraints on the intersections, almost all the utility achievable in the absence of implicit bias can be recovered. Thus, intersectional constraints can offer a significant advantage over a reductionist dimension-by-dimension non-intersectional approach to reducing inequality.

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