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arXiv 2202.01330astro-ph.GA
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z~0矮星系中IMBH和恒星同时激发的光学和JWST中红外发射线诊断

Optical and JWST Mid-IR Emission Line Diagnostics for Simultaneous IMBH and Stellar Excitation in z~0 Dwarf Galaxies

C. T. Richardson, C. Simpson, M. S. Polimera, S. J. Kannappan, J. M. Bellovary, C. Greene, S. Jenkins

摘要:

目前的观测设施尚未最终发现$10^3 - 10^4 M_{\odot}$中等质量黑洞(IMBHs),这些黑洞填补了早期宇宙种子黑洞和$z \sim 0$超大质量黑洞之间的进化空白。矮星系提供了一个机会,以揭示活跃的IMBH在持续的恒星形成。我们介绍光电离模拟量身定制,以解决关键的物理不确定性:一致与非一致的混合IMBH和星光激发,开放与封闭的周围气体云的几何形状,和不同的AGN SED形状。我们研究可能的活动星系核发射线诊断在光学和中红外,并发现,诊断往往是退化的调查物理不确定性。尽管有这些挫折,并在最近的工作相比,我们能够表明,[O III]/H $β$通常保持明亮的矮活动星系核的IMBH下到$10^3 M_{\odot}$。矮活动星系核的恒星形成和Seyfert/LINER分类使用最常见的光学诊断预测不一致。在中红外,[O IV] 25.9 $μ$ m和[Ar II] 6.98 $μ$ m对物理不确定性的敏感性低于光学诊断。基于这些发射线,我们提供了几个中红外发射线诊断图与划界分离的恒星爆发和活动星系核的不同水平的活动。这些图在宽范围的电离参数和金属丰度到$z\sim0.1$都是有效的,因此将证明对未来JWST观测当地矮活动星系核寻找IMBH是有用的。我们免费提供光电离模拟套件。

英文摘要:

Current observational facilities have yet to conclusively detect $10^3 - 10^4 M_{\odot}$ intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) that fill in the evolutionary gap between early universe seed black holes and $z \sim 0$ supermassive black holes. Dwarf galaxies present an opportunity to reveal active IMBHs amidst persistent star formation. We introduce photoionization simulations tailored to address key physical uncertainties: coincident vs. non-coincident mixing of IMBH and starlight excitation, open vs. closed surrounding gas cloud geometries, and different AGN SED shapes. We examine possible AGN emission line diagnostics in the optical and mid-IR, and find that the diagnostics are often degenerate with respect to the investigated physical uncertainties. In spite of these setbacks, and in contrast to recent work, we are able to show that [O III]/H$β$ typically remains bright for dwarf AGN powered by IMBHs down to $10^3 M_{\odot}$. Dwarf AGN are predicted to have inconsistent star-forming and Seyfert/LINER classifications using the most common optical diagnostics. In the mid-IR, [O IV] 25.9$μ$m and [Ar II] 6.98$μ$m are less sensitive to physical uncertainties than are optical diagnostics. Based on these emission lines, we provide several mid-IR emission line diagnostic diagrams with demarcations for separating starbursts and AGN with varying levels of activity. The diagrams are valid over a wide range of ionization parameters and metallicities out to $z\sim0.1$, so will prove useful for future JWST observations of local dwarf AGN in the search for IMBHs. We make our photoionization simulation suite freely available.

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