具有选择灵敏度的皮肤丙酮监测器：PANI-CA薄膜的动力学
Towards skin-acetone monitors with selective sensitivity: dynamics of PANI-CA films
摘要：
大多数旨在测量皮肤上生物标志物的研究只关注使用电信号感测汗液中的化学物质，但这些方法并不是真正的非侵入性或非侵入性的，因为它们需要大量的汗液才能获得读数。该项目旨在创建一种真正的非侵入性可穿戴传感器，可持续检测气体丙酮（与代谢紊乱相关的生物标志物），这种气体丙酮会从皮肤中散发出来。聚苯胺和醋酸纤维素的复合膜，暴露于气态丙酮后表现出化学机械致动，在顶部空间以上的多种溶液中进行了测试，含有丙酮，乙醇，和水，以衡量响应灵敏度，选择性和可重复性。通过自动视频处理代码来跟踪胶片对暴露于这些环境的响应的弯曲，发现该代码的性能超过了现成的基于深度神经网络的跟踪器。使用主成分分析，我们表明，薄膜弯曲是低维的，超过90%的形状变化被捕获，只有两个参数。我们构建了前向模型来预测已知曝光历史的形状变化，发现线性模型可以解释40%的观察到的薄膜尖端角度变化的方差。我们构建了逆模型，从形状变化的三阶拟合到丙酮浓度，其中约45%的丙酮变化和约30%的乙醇变化被线性模型捕获，而非线性模型的表现并不明显更好。这表明膜具有足够的灵敏度和固有的选择性。然而，这些模型，提供了大量的滞后或长时间尺度的PANI膜的响应，似乎是由于水的存在下的证据。进一步的实验将允许更准确地区分未知的暴露环境。
英文摘要：
Most research aimed at measuring biomarkers on the skin is only concerned with sensing chemicals in sweat using electrical signals, but these methods are not truly non-invasive nor non-intrusive because they require substantial amounts of sweat to get a reading. This project aims to create a truly non-invasive wearable sensor that continuously detects the gaseous acetone (a biomarker related to metabolic disorders) that ambiently comes out of the skin. Composite films of polyaniline and cellulose acetate, exhibiting chemo-mechanical actuation upon exposure to gaseous acetone, were tested in the headspaces above multiple solutions containing acetone, ethanol, and water to gauge response sensitivity, selectivity, and repeatability. The bending of the films in response to exposures to these environments was tracked by an automatic video processing code, which was found to out-perform an off-the-shelf deep neural network-based tracker. Using principal component analysis, we showed that the film bending is low dimensional with over 90% of the shape changes being captured with just two parameters. We constructed forward models to predict shape changes from the known exposure history and found that a linear model can explain 40% of the observed variance in film tip angle changes. We constructed inverse models, going from third order fits of shape changes to acetone concentrations where about 45% of the acetone variation and about 30% of ethanol variation are captured by linear models, and non-linear models did not perform substantially better. This suggests there is sufficient sensitivity and inherent selectivity of the films. These models, however, provide evidence for substantial hysteretic or long-time-scale responses of the PANI films, seemingly due to the presence of water. Further experiments will allow more accurate discrimination of unknown exposure environments.
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