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arXiv 2202.00728cs.LG
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使用可微分学习模拟器的物理设计

Physical Design using Differentiable Learned Simulators

DeepMind(深度思维)

Kelsey R. Allen, Tatiana Lopez-Guevara, Kimberly Stachenfeld, Alvaro Sanchez-Gonzalez, Peter Battaglia, Jessica Hamrick, Tobias Pfaff

摘要:

设计服务于某个目的的物理工件-例如工具和其他功能结构-是工程和日常人类行为的核心。虽然自动化设计有着巨大的前景,但通用的方法还不存在。在这里,我们探索了一个简单,快速,鲁棒的方法来逆向设计,结合学习的正向模拟器的基础上图神经网络与基于梯度的设计优化。我们的方法解决了具有复杂物理动力学的高维问题,包括设计操纵流体流动的表面和工具,以及优化翼型形状以最大限度地减少阻力。该框架通过数百步的轨迹传播梯度来产生高质量的设计,即使使用预先训练的模型对与设计任务截然不同的数据进行单步预测。在我们的流体操作任务中,所得到的设计优于基于采样的优化技术所发现的设计。在翼型设计中,他们匹配了用专门求解器获得的质量。我们的研究结果表明,尽管存在一些挑战,但基于机器学习的模拟器正在成熟到可以支持各种领域的通用设计优化的程度。

英文摘要:

Designing physical artifacts that serve a purpose - such as tools and other functional structures - is central to engineering as well as everyday human behavior. Though automating design has tremendous promise, general-purpose methods do not yet exist. Here we explore a simple, fast, and robust approach to inverse design which combines learned forward simulators based on graph neural networks with gradient-based design optimization. Our approach solves high-dimensional problems with complex physical dynamics, including designing surfaces and tools to manipulate fluid flows and optimizing the shape of an airfoil to minimize drag. This framework produces high-quality designs by propagating gradients through trajectories of hundreds of steps, even when using models that were pre-trained for single-step predictions on data substantially different from the design tasks. In our fluid manipulation tasks, the resulting designs outperformed those found by sampling-based optimization techniques. In airfoil design, they matched the quality of those obtained with a specialized solver. Our results suggest that despite some remaining challenges, machine learning-based simulators are maturing to the point where they can support general-purpose design optimization across a variety of domains.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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