两条通往逆向因果关系的道路

摘要：

近年来，量子基础界对使用逆因果性作为拒绝贝尔定理结论和恢复量子物理定域性的途径的可能性越来越感兴趣。另一方面，也有人认为，接受非定域性会导致一种形式的回溯因果关系。在这篇文章中，我们试图阐明因果关系和局部性之间的关系。我们首先提供一个简要的图式，说明违反贝尔不等式可能导致我们考虑某种形式的回溯因果关系的各种方式。然后，我们考虑了一些可能的动机，使用追溯因果关系，以挽救局部性，认为这些动机都是不够的，因此，没有明确的理由，我们应该更喜欢本地追溯因果模型非本地追溯因果模型。接下来，我们研究了几种不同的概念，追溯因果关系，得出的结论是“所有在一次”追溯因果关系是更连贯的替代动力图片。然后，我们认为，由于“所有在一次”的方法需要概率分配给整个历史或马赛克，局部性是有点多余的在这张照片。因此，我们得出结论，使用追溯因果关系作为一种拯救局部性的方式可能不是追溯因果关系的正确途径。最后，我们证明，接受非局部性的存在，并坚持不存在的首选参考系自然会导致接受一种形式的追溯因果关系，虽然这是不介导的物理系统在时间上向后旅行。我们认为，这是更自然的方式来激励量子力学的追溯因果模型。

英文摘要：

In recent years the quantum foundations community has seen increasing interest in the possibility of using retrocausality as a route to rejecting the conclusions of Bell's theorem and restoring locality to quantum physics. On the other hand, it has also been argued that accepting nonlocality leads to a form of retrocausality. In this article we seek to elucidate the relationship between retrocausality and locality. We begin by providing a brief schema of the various ways in which violations of Bell's inequalities might lead us to consider some form of retrocausality. We then consider some possible motivations for using retrocausality to rescue locality, arguing that none of these motivations is adequate and that therefore there is no clear reason why we should prefer local retrocausal models to nonlocal retrocausal models. Next, we examine several different conceptions of retrocausality, concluding that `all-at-once' retrocausality is more coherent than the alternative dynamical picture. We then argue that since the `all-at-once' approach requires probabilities to be assigned to entire histories or mosaics, locality is somewhat redundant within this picture. Thus we conclude that using retrocausality as a way to rescue locality may not be the right route to retrocausality. Finally, we demonstrate that accepting the existence of nonlocality and insisting on the nonexistence of preferred reference frames leads naturally to the acceptance of a form of retrocausality, albeit one which is not mediated by physical systems travelling backwards in time. We argue that this is the more natural way to motivate retrocausal models of quantum mechanics.

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