再论脑机接口的具体化
Revisiting Embodiment for Brain-Computer Interfaces
摘要：
研究人员越来越多地探索为身体健全的用户部署脑机接口（BCI），其动机是比现有的身体介导的交互更直接地访问心理状态。这种动机似乎与长期以来HCI对体现的强调相矛盾，即身体对认知至关重要的一般主张。本文通过回顾具身认知和互动的观点来解决这一明显的矛盾。我们首先批判性地研究了最近对脑机接口的兴趣，并确定了大脑中的认知与更广泛的身体相结合的程度，作为研究的中心问题。然后，我们定义了界面设计和评价的认知的综合观点的影响。我们得出的一个反直觉的结论是，具体化本身并不意味着身体运动优于大脑信号。然而，它仍然可以通过以下方式指导研究：1）为BCI性能提供基于身体的解释，2）提出在认知的模块化观点中被忽视的评估考虑因素，3）通过将其设计见解直接转移到BCI。最后，我们反映人机交互的理解的体现，并确定神经层面的体现，迄今为止被忽视。
英文摘要：
Researchers increasingly explore deploying brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) for able-bodied users, with the motivation of accessing mental states more directly than allowed by existing body-mediated interaction. This motivation seems to contradict the long-standing HCI emphasis on embodiment, namely the general claim that the body is crucial for cognition. This paper addresses this apparent contradiction through a review of insights from embodied cognition and interaction. We first critically examine the recent interest in BCIs and identify the extent cognition in the brain is integrated with the wider body as a central concern for research. We then define the implications of an integrated view of cognition for interface design and evaluation. A counterintuitive conclusion we draw is that embodiment per se should not imply a preference for body movements over brain signals. Yet it can nevertheless guide research by 1) providing body-grounded explanations for BCI performance, 2) proposing evaluation considerations that are neglected in modular views of cognition, and 3) through the direct transfer of its design insights to BCIs. We finally reflect on HCI's understanding of embodiment and identify the neural dimension of embodiment as hitherto overlooked.
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