DeFi中的相异冗余

摘要：

去中心化金融（DeFi）的迅速崛起伴随着对其协议的频繁且通常具有经济破坏性的攻击，已经有70多个DeFi协议被利用，损失的资金总额约为15亿美元。在本文中，我们介绍了一种新的方法来最大限度地减少此类攻击的频率和严重性：智能合约的不同冗余。简而言之，其思想是多次实现程序逻辑，理想情况下使用不同的程序设计语言。然后，对于每个实现，在允许区块链的状态改变之前，结果应该匹配。这是受到航空电子领域的启发，并与航空电子领域有着明显的相似之处，由于安全关键的环境，飞行控制系统通常具有多个冗余实现。我们认为，DeFi协议中的高财务风险值得采用概念上类似的方法，并且我们提供了一种新的算法来实现智能合约的不同冗余。

英文摘要：

The meteoric rise of Decentralized Finance (DeFi) has been accompanied by a plethora of frequent and often financially devastating attacks on its protocols There have been over 70 exploits of DeFi protocols, with the total of lost funds amounting to approximately 1.5bn USD. In this paper, we introduce a new approach to minimizing the frequency and severity of such attacks: dissimilar redundancy for smart contracts. In a nutshell, the idea is to implement a program logic more than once, ideally using different programming languages. Then, for each implementation, the results should match before allowing the state of the blockchain to change. This is inspired by and has clear parallels to the field of avionics, where on account of the safety-critical environment, flight control systems typically feature multiple redundant implementations. We argue that the high financial stakes in DeFi protocols merit a conceptually similar approach, and we provide a novel algorithm for implementing dissimilar redundancy for smart contracts.

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