大质量星系团中心超亮螺旋星系的探测
Detection of a Superluminous Spiral Galaxy in the Heart of a Massive Galaxy Cluster
摘要：
众所周知，最亮的星系团星系（BCGs），位于星系团的中心，是典型的质量和淬火星系的cD或椭圆形态。一项光学测量表明，一个奇异的星系群、超亮螺旋星系和透镜状星系可能是某些星系团的BCGs。由于集群成员和集群的质心不能仅仅根据光学数据准确地确定，我们使用XMM-牛顿X射线观测跟踪了一个超亮盘星系及其环境的样本。具体来说，我们探索了七个超亮螺旋星系和透镜星系的候选BCGs。我们在五个超亮盘状星系周围探测到大质量星系团，并确定其中一个超亮螺旋星系2MASX J16273931 + 3002239是星系团的中心BCG。团簇的温度和总质量分别为$kT_{\rm 500}=3.55^{+0.18}_{-0.20}$ keV和$M_{\rm 500} = (2.39 \pm 0.19) \times 10^{14} \ \rm{M_{\odot}} $。我们确定了四个星系团的中心星系，它们的核心没有超亮盘星系，并确定中心星系是大质量椭圆星系。然而，对于其中两个星系团，偏置的超亮螺旋星系比中心星系更亮，这意味着超亮盘星系是最亮的星系团星系。我们的结果表明，超亮盘星系很少是星系团的中心系统。这可能是因为星系盘被大合并摧毁，这在高密度环境中更频繁。我们推测，在星系团核心的超亮盘状星系的磁盘可能已经重新形成，由于合并的气体丰富的卫星。
英文摘要：
It is well established that brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs), residing in the center of galaxy clusters, are typically massive and quenched galaxies with cD or elliptical morphology. An optical survey suggested that an exotic galaxy population, superluminous spiral and lenticular galaxies could be the BCGs of some galaxy clusters. Because the cluster membership and the centroid of a cluster cannot be accurately determined based solely on optical data, we followed up a sample of superluminous disk galaxies and their environment using XMM-Newton X-ray observations. Specifically, we explored seven superluminous spiral and lenticular galaxies that are candidate BCGs. We detected massive galaxy clusters around five superluminous disk galaxies and established that one superluminous spiral, 2MASX J16273931+3002239, is the central BCG of a galaxy cluster. The temperature and total mass of the cluster are $kT_{\rm 500}=3.55^{+0.18}_{-0.20}$ keV and $M_{\rm 500} = (2.39 \pm 0.19) \times 10^{14} \ \rm{M_{\odot}} $. We identified the central galaxies of the four clusters that do not host the superluminous disk galaxy at their cores and established that the centrals are massive elliptical galaxies. However, for two of the clusters, the offset superluminous spirals are brighter than the central galaxies, implying that the superluminous disk galaxies are the brightest cluster galaxies. Our results demonstrate that superluminous disk galaxies are rarely the central systems of galaxy clusters. This is likely because galactic disks are destroyed by major mergers, which are more frequent in high-density environments. We speculate that the disks of superluminous disk galaxies in cluster cores may have been re-formed due to mergers with a gas-rich satellite.
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