经典电磁理论对Aharonov-Bohm效应的解释
An interpretation for Aharonov-Bohm effect with classical electromagnetic theory
摘要：
磁Aharonov-Bohm效应表明，带电粒子可能会受到没有任何电场或磁场的区域中的矢势的影响[1]。Aharonov-Bohm效应已被实验证实[2-3]，并在许多情况下被发现[4-6]。一个常见的解释是基于量子力学，它指出与电荷相关的波函数将由于矢量势而积累相移。然而，关于其性质和解释尚未达成共识[7-14]。我们在这里提出了一个简单但合理的解释，基于电磁辐射和耦合理论[15]。与脉冲辐射器相关联的能量被分成库仑速度能量和辐射能量，以及宏观Schott能量，该宏观Schott能量解释了它们之间的能量交换。所有这些能量都用包括势在内的项来表示，互耦合能也是如此。即使电场完全消失，仍有一个力作用在运动的电荷上。这种力使电荷以不同的速度和不同的路径长度通过磁螺线管，引起与量子力学相同的相移。该理论最初是为了解释电磁辐射和互耦合。它是直接从麦克斯韦理论推导出来的，没有任何修改，只有替换和重组。
英文摘要：
The magnetic Aharonov-Bohm effect shows that charged particles may be affected by the vector potential in regions without any electric or magnetic fields [1]. The Aharonov-Bohm effect was experimentally confirmed [2-3] and has been found in many situations [4-6]. A common explanation is based on quantum mechanics, which states that the wavefunctions associated with the charges will accumulate a phase shift due to the vector potential. However, consensus about its nature and interpretation has not been achieved [7-14]. We here propose a simple but reasonable interpretation based on the theory for electromagnetic radiation and couplings [15]. The energy associated with a pulse radiator is divided into a Coulomb-velocity energy and a radiative energy, together with a macroscopic Schott energy accounting for the energy exchange between them. All these energies are expressed with terms including the potentials, so are the mutual coupling energies. There exists a force acting on the moving charges even though the fields completely vanish. This force makes the charges pass through the magnetic solenoid in different velocity with different path length, causing a phase shift the same as that obtained with quantum mechanics. The theory is originally aimed for providing an interpretation for electromagnetic radiation and mutual coupling. It is derived directly from the Maxwell theory with no modification but only substitution and reorganization.
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