使用宽带瑞利波光学相干弹性成像测量表皮、真皮和皮下组织的活体硬度
In vivo stiffness measurement of epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis using broadband Rayleigh-wave optical coherence elastography
摘要：
行波光学相干弹性成像（OCE）是一种很有前途的测量生物组织刚度的技术。虽然OCE已被应用于相对均匀的样品，组织具有显着变化的弹性，通过深度提出了一个挑战，需要深度分辨测量具有足够的分辨率和精度。在这里，我们开发了一种宽带瑞利波OCE技术，能够测量的3个主要的皮肤层（表皮，真皮，皮下组织）的弹性模量可靠地通过分析泄漏的瑞利表面波在0.1-10 kHz的宽频率范围内的分散。我们发现，以前未探索的，4-10 kHz的高频范围是解决薄表皮的关键，而0.2-1 kHz的低频范围是足够的探测真皮和更深的皮下组织。我们开发了一个双双层的逆模型，以确定在所有3层的弹性模量，并验证其高精度与有限元分析和皮肤模仿幻影。最后，将该技术应用于健康志愿者前臂皮肤的测量。表皮（包括角质层）的杨氏模量在4-10 kHz下测量为约4 MPa，而真皮和皮下组织的杨氏模量在0.2-1 kHz下分别为约40和15 kPa。除了皮肤病学的应用，这种方法可能是有用的各种其他分层组织的亚毫米深度分辨率的力学分析。
英文摘要：
Traveling-wave optical coherence elastography (OCE) is a promising technique to measure the stiffness of biological tissues. While OCE has been applied to relatively homogeneous samples, tissues with significantly varying elasticity through depth pose a challenge, requiring depth-resolved measurement with sufficient resolution and accuracy. Here, we develop a broadband Rayleigh-wave OCE technique capable of measuring the elastic moduli of the 3 major skin layers (epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis) reliably by analyzing the dispersion of leaky Rayleigh surface waves over a wide frequency range of 0.1-10 kHz. We show that a previously unexplored, high frequency range of 4-10 kHz is critical to resolve the thin epidermis, while a low frequency range of 0.2-1 kHz is adequate to probe the dermis and deeper hypodermis. We develop a dual bilayer-based inverse model to determine the elastic moduli in all 3 layers and verify its high accuracy with finite element analysis and skin-mimicking phantoms. Finally, the technique is applied to measure the forearm skin of healthy volunteers. The Young's modulus of the epidermis (including the stratum corneum) is measured to be ~ 4 MPa at 4-10 kHz, whereas Young's moduli of the dermis and hypodermis are about 40 and 15 kPa, respectively, at 0.2-1 kHz. Besides dermatologic applications, this method may be useful for the mechanical analysis of various other layered tissues with sub-mm depth resolution.
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