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arXiv 2201.11791astro-ph.HE
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快能瞬变源弱相对论外流中的粒子加速

Particle Acceleration in Mildly Relativistic Outflows of Fast Energetic Transient Sources

Andrei Bykov, Vadim Romansky, Sergei Osipov

摘要:

最近发现的快蓝光学瞬变(FBOTs)作为一种新的高能瞬变源,可以揭示长期存在的问题,超新星长伽马射线暴的连接。这类天体的一个显著特征是存在适度的相对论性外流,这使它们处于非相对论性和相对论性超新星相关事件之间。本文给出了速度在0.1 ~ 0.7 c范围内的冲击波对粒子加速和磁场放大的动力学粒子模拟和蒙特卡罗模拟的结果。这些模拟是需要的FBOTs的观测到的宽带辐射的解释。它们的快速、温和到适度的相对论性流出可以有效地加速相对论性粒子。用粒子模拟方法,我们证明了激波下游加速相对论电子的同步辐射可能与观测到的射电通量相吻合。在更长的时间尺度上,远远超出了那些可达到的粒子在细胞的方法,我们的非线性蒙特卡罗模型预测,质子和原子核可以加速到petaelectronvolt(PeV)的能量。因此,这种快速和高能量的瞬变源可能有助于高能宇宙射线的星系种群。

英文摘要:

Recent discovery of fast blue optical transients (FBOTs) as a new class of energetic transient sources can shed light on the long-standing problem of supernova-long gamma-ray burst connections. A distinctive feature of such objects is the presence of modestly relativistic outflows which place them in between the non-relativistic and relativistic supernovae-related events. Here we present the results of kinetic particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo simulations of particle acceleration and magnetic field amplification by shocks with the velocities in the interval between 0.1 and 0.7 c. These simulations are needed for the interpretation of the observed broad band radiation of FBOTs. Their fast, mildly to moderately relativistic outflows may efficiently accelerate relativistic particles. With particle-in-cell simulations we demonstrate that synchrotron radiation of accelerated relativistic electrons in the shock downstream may fit the observed radio fluxes. At longer timescales, well beyond those reachable within a particle-in-cell approach, our nonlinear Monte Carlo model predicts that protons and nuclei can be accelerated to petaelectronvolt (PeV) energies. Therefore, such fast and energetic transient sources can contribute to galactic populations of high energy cosmic rays.

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