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arXiv 2201.11770cs.SIcs.CL
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走向极端:《Parler》和《Gab》中仇恨言论的比较分析

Going Extreme: Comparative Analysis of Hate Speech in Parler and Gab

Ben-Gurion University of the Negev(内盖夫本-古里安大学)

Abraham Israeli, Oren Tsur

摘要:

Gab和Parler等被称为“言论自由”网络的社交平台近年来用户群大幅增长。这种受欢迎程度主要归因于Twitter,Facebook和Reddit等主流平台实施的更严格的审核。在这项工作中,我们提供了第一个大规模的分析仇恨言论的Parler。我们实验了一系列用于仇恨语音检测的算法,证明了迁移学习在该领域的局限性,因为仇恨语音的传递方式具有虚幻性和不断变化的性质。为了提高分类准确性,我们注释了10K Parler帖子,我们使用这些帖子来微调BERT分类器。然后,通过社交网络上的标签传播,利用单个帖子的分类来对数百万用户进行分类。根据传播仇恨的倾向对用户进行分类,我们发现仇恨传播者占Parler活跃用户的16.1%,并且与其他用户组相比,他们具有独特的特征。我们发现,仇恨传播者更活跃,更集中,表达不同层次的情绪,并传达一系列不同的情绪,如愤怒和悲伤。我们通过比较Parler和Gab中发现的趋势进一步补充了我们的分析。据我们所知,这是第一个以定量方式和用户层面分析Parler仇恨言论的作品之一,也是第一个向社区提供的注释数据集。

英文摘要:

Social platforms such as Gab and Parler, branded as `free-speech' networks, have seen a significant growth of their user base in recent years. This popularity is mainly attributed to the stricter moderation enforced by mainstream platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and Reddit. In this work we provide the first large scale analysis of hate-speech on Parler. We experiment with an array of algorithms for hate-speech detection, demonstrating limitations of transfer learning in that domain, given the illusive and ever changing nature of the ways hate-speech is delivered. In order to improve classification accuracy we annotated 10K Parler posts, which we use to fine-tune a BERT classifier. Classification of individual posts is then leveraged for the classification of millions of users via label propagation over the social network. Classifying users by their propensity to disseminate hate, we find that hate mongers make 16.1\% of Parler active users, and that they have distinct characteristics comparing to other user groups. We find that hate mongers are more active, more central and express distinct levels of sentiment and convey a distinct array of emotions like anger and sadness. We further complement our analysis by comparing the trends discovered in Parler and those found in Gab. To the best of our knowledge, this is among the first works to analyze hate speech in Parler in a quantitative manner and on the user level, and the first annotated dataset to be made available to the community.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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