Ambient Forcing：在约束相空间中采样局部扰动
Ambient Forcing: Sampling Local Perturbations in Constrained Phase Spaces
AI总结：
本文提出Ambient Forcing新方法以采样带约束电力系统的局部扰动状态，提出spreadability测度验证局部性，在含逆变器的未来电网集合中验证节点度对稳定性的预测性更优，并将方法应用于IEEE 96算例计算概率稳定性测度。
摘要：
Ambient Forcing是一种从微分代数方程（DAE）流形中采样随机状态的新方法。这些状态可表示带负荷的电力系统中节点的局部扰动，这会给系统引入约束。这些状态必须是DAE的有效初始条件，即满足代数方程。此外，这些状态应对应电网中单个变量的扰动，例如负荷节点的电压扰动。这些初始状态使得计算带负荷电力系统的概率稳定性测度成为可能，此前这一工作无法开展，但意义重大，因为这类测度已成为电力系统研究的关键工具。为验证这些扰动具有网络局部性，即初始扰动仅针对电网中的单个节点，本文提出了一种与接近中心性相关的新测度——spreadability（扩散性）。本文在一组典型电网集合上评估了spreadability，该集合代表未来的一类电网：用户和发电商均通过逆变器接入电网。针对该电网集合，本文还计算了basin stability（流域稳定性）和survivability（生存性）这两种概率测度，分别用于刻画渐近稳定性和暂态稳定性。本文还重新探讨了已被证明可预测电网流域稳定性的拓扑类别，研究其在带约束和电压动态的电网中是否仍然适用。结果发现，在本文的电网集合中，节点度是比拓扑类别更优的预测因子。最后，本文将Ambient Forcing应用于IEEE 96测试算例，计算了其概率稳定性测度。
英文摘要：
Ambient Forcing is a novel method to sample random states from manifolds of differential-algebraic equations (DAE). These states can represent local perturbations of nodes in power systems with loads, which introduces constraints into the system. These states must be valid initial conditions to the DAE, meaning that they fulfill the algebraic equations. Additionally, these states should represent perturbations of individual variables in the power grid, such as a perturbation of the voltage at a load. These initial states enable the calculation of probabilistic stability measures of power systems with loads, which was not yet possible, but is important as these measures have become a crucial tool in studying power systems. To verify that these perturbations are network local, i.e. that the initial perturbation only targets a single node in the power grid, a new measure, the spreadability, related to the closeness centrality, is presented. The spreadability is evaluated for an ensemble of typical power grids. The ensemble depicts a set of future power grids where consumers, as well as producers, are connected to the grid via inverters. For this power grid ensemble, we additionally calculate the basin stability as well as the survivability, two probabilistic measures which provide statements about asymptotic and transient stability. We also revisit topological classes, that have been shown to predict the basin stability of grids and explore if they still hold for grids with constraints and voltage dynamics. We find that the degree of the nodes is a better predictor than the topological classes for our ensemble. Finally, ambient forcing is applied to calculate probabilistic stability measures of the IEEE 96 test case.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
