在多组分液体中，演化的相互作用稳定了许多共存相
Evolved interactions stabilize many coexisting phases in multicomponent liquids
摘要：
相分离已经成为生物细胞内部空间组织的基本概念。然而，尽管它与几乎所有的生理功能都有明确的相关性，但我们对许多相互作用的成分组成的系统（如细胞）中的相形成知之甚少。在这里，我们介绍了一种新的数值方法的基础上，物理弛豫动力学研究共存相在这样的系统。我们使用我们的方法来优化组件之间的相互作用，类似于进化如何优化蛋白质的相互作用。尽管初始组成存在很大的不确定性，但这些进化的相互作用强烈地导致了限定数量的相，而随机或设计的相互作用表现得更差。此外，优化的相互作用对扰动是鲁棒的，并且它们允许快速适应新的目标相位计数。因此，我们表明，基因编码的蛋白质的相互作用提供了多功能的控制相行为。在我们的系统中形成的阶段也是一个具体的例子，一个强大的紧急性质，不依赖于微调的参数的个别成分。
英文摘要：
Phase separation has emerged as an essential concept for the spatial organization inside biological cells. However, despite the clear relevance to virtually all physiological functions, we understand surprisingly little about what phases form in a system of many interacting components, like in cells. Here, we introduce a new numerical method based on physical relaxation dynamics to study the coexisting phases in such systems. We use our approach to optimize interactions between components, similar to how evolution might have optimized the interactions of proteins. These evolved interactions robustly lead to a defined number of phases, despite substantial uncertainties in the initial composition, while random or designed interactions perform much worse. Moreover, the optimized interactions are robust to perturbations and they allow fast adaption to new target phase counts. We thus show that genetically encoded interactions of proteins provide versatile control of phase behavior. The phases forming in our system are also a concrete example of a robust emergent property that does not rely on fine-tuning the parameters of individual constituents.
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