随机图中的完美匹配与Tseitin一样困难
Perfect Matching in Random Graphs is as Hard as Tseitin
AI总结:
研究证明奇数顶点稀疏随机正则图无完美匹配的复杂性,证明在多项式微积分和平方和系统中需Ω(n/log n)度,在有界深度弗雷格系统中需指数大小,解决了Razborov的问题。
摘要:
我们研究了证明奇数个顶点的稀疏随机正则图没有完美匹配的复杂性,以及涉及每个顶点被匹配预指定次数的相关问题。我们证明,在多项式微积分(特征不等于2的域上)和平方和证明系统中,这需要度为Ω(n / log n)的证明,在有界深度弗雷格证明系统中需要指数大小。这解决了Razborov提出的一个问题,即Lovász-Schrijver证明系统是否需要n^δ轮来反驳这些公式,其中δ>0。这些结果是通过这些公式的最坏情况到平均情况的归约获得的,该归约依赖于一个可能具有独立兴趣的拓扑嵌入定理。
英文摘要:
We study the complexity of proving that a sparse random regular graph on an odd number of vertices does not have a perfect matching, and related problems involving each vertex being matched some pre-specified number of times. We show that this requires proofs of degree $Ω(n / \log n)$ in the Polynomial Calculus (over fields of characteristic $\ne 2$) and Sum-of-Squares proof systems, and exponential size in the bounded-depth Frege proof system. This resolves a question by Razborov asking whether the Lovász-Schrijver proof system requires $n^δ$ rounds to refute these formulas for some $δ> 0$. The results are obtained by a worst-case to average-case reduction of these formulas relying on a topological embedding theorem which may be of independent interest.
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