具有格点孤子的大质量粒子干涉测量：抗电离的鲁棒性
Massive particle interferometry with lattice solitons: robustness against ionization
摘要：
我们重新审视Castin和Weiss [Phys. Rev. Lett. Vol.102，010403（2009）]，用于使用量子物质波孤子在势垒上的散射，以便产生孤子的相干叠加态，该相干叠加态完全在势垒的左边并且完全在势垒的右边。在该方案中，假设散射是完全弹性的，即孤子的质心动能低于孤子的化学势。在这里，我们放松这个假设。此外，我们介绍了一种干涉方案，它使用的解决方案，可以用来检测孤子的反射和透射部分之间的相干程度。利用精确对角化方法，我们数值模拟了由六个原子组成的孤子的一个完整的干涉周期。我们发现，即使当孤子的质心动能高于孤子完全离解成组成原子所需的能量时，干涉条纹仍然存在。
英文摘要：
We revisit the proposal of Castin and Weiss [Phys. Rev. Lett. vol. 102, 010403 (2009)] for using the scattering of a quantum matter-wave soliton on a barrier in order to create a coherent superposition state of the soliton being entirely to the left of the barrier and being entirely to the right of the barrier. In that proposal, is was assumed that the scattering is perfectly elastic, i.e. that the center-of-mass kinetic energy of the soliton is lower than the chemical potential of the soliton. Here we relax this assumption. Also, we introduce an interferometric scheme, which uses interference of soltions, that can be used to detect the degree of coherence between the reflected and transmitted part of the soliton. Using exact diagonalization, we numerically simulate a complete interferometric cycle for a soliton consisting of six atoms. We find that the interferometric fringes persist even when the center-of-mass kinetic energy of the soliton is above the energy needed for complete dissociation of the soliton into constituent atoms.
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