来自管乐器的气流和气溶胶扩散
Flow and aerosol dispersion from wind musical instruments
摘要：
在COVID-19疫情期间，许多现场音乐活动不得不推迟甚至取消，以保护音乐家和观众。弦乐合奏面临着一个特殊的污染挑战，因为他们是人员密集和工具多样化。一个主要的问题是管乐器是否是通过气溶胶扩散造成污染的载体。这项研究，使费城交响乐团的成员的参与成为可能，带来了对生产模式和早期生活的人类起源的气溶胶由管乐器排放的见解。我们发现，这些仪器产生的气溶胶的水平，在数量和大小分布的正常讲话。然而，出口射流速度远低于剧烈呼气事件（咳嗽、打喷嚏）。对于大多数管乐器，气流在距离乐器开口约2米处衰减到背景室内空气水平。因此，通过环境气流进行长距离气溶胶分散。
英文摘要：
In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, many live musical activities had to be postponed and even canceled to protect musicians and audience. Orchestral ensembles face a particular challenge of contamination because they are personnel heavy and instrumentally diverse. A chief concern is whether wind instruments are vectors of contamination through aerosol dispersion. This study, made possible by the participation of members of the Philadelphia Orchestra, brings insight on the modes of production and early life of aerosols of human origin emitted by wind instruments. We find that these instruments produce aerosol levels that are comparable to normal speech in quantity and size distribution. However, the exit jet flow speeds are much lower than violent expiratory events (coughing, sneezing). For most wind instruments, the flow decays to background indoor-air levels at approximately 2 meters away from the instrument's opening. Long range aerosol dispersion is thus via ambient air currents.
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