具有空间变化质量的大质量矢量场中的超辐射
Superradiance in massive vector fields with spatially varying mass
摘要：
超辐射是一个过程，通过这个过程，大质量玻色子可以从旋转的黑洞中提取能量，如果粒子的康普顿波长与黑洞的史瓦西半径相当，就会导致“云”的形成。一个有趣的可能性是，超辐射可能发生在扩散等离子体中的光子，在那里它们获得一个小的有效质量。对自旋为0的情况的研究表明，这种积聚被空间变化的有效质量所抑制，该有效质量被认为是模拟光子与物理上真实的等离子体密度分布的相互作用。我们进行相对论模拟的大规模Proca场演变的克尔背景下，修改占空间变化的有效质量。这使我们能够处理自旋1的情况下，直接相关的光子，并研究在等离子体中的薄盘轮廓的效果。我们发现类似的定性结果的标量的情况下，因此支持的工作的结论：无论是一个恒定的渐近质量或壳状等离子体结构是需要发生超辐射生长。我们研究薄磁盘，并发现泄漏的超辐射云，抑制其增长，得出的结论是厚磁盘更有可能支持的不稳定性。
英文摘要：
Superradiance is a process by which massive bosonic particles can extract energy from spinning black holes, leading to the build up of a "cloud" if the particle has a Compton wavelength comparable to the black hole's Schwarzschild radius. One interesting possibility is that superradiance may occur for photons in a diffuse plasma, where they gain a small effective mass. Studies of the spin-0 case have indicated that such a build up is suppressed by a spatially varying effective mass, supposed to mimic the photons' interaction with a physically realistic plasma density profile. We carry out relativistic simulations of a massive Proca field evolving on a Kerr background, with modifications to account for the spatially varying effective mass. This allows us to treat the spin-1 case directly relevant to photons, and to study the effect of thinner disk profiles in the plasma. We find similar qualitative results to the scalar case, and so support the conclusions of that work: either a constant asymptotic mass or a shell-like plasma structure is required for superradiant growth to occur. We study thin disks and find a leakage of the superradiant cloud that suppresses its growth, concluding that thick disks are more likely to support the instability.
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