Multi-temporal hyperspectral images can be used to detect changed information, which has gradually attracted researchers' attention. However, traditional change detection algorithms have not deeply explored the relevance of spatial and spectral changed features, which leads to low detection accuracy. To better excavate both spectral and spatial information of changed features, a joint morphology and patch-tensor change detection (JMPT) method is proposed. Initially, a patch-based tensor strategy is adopted to exploit similar property of spatial structure, where the non-overlapping local patch image is reshaped into a new tensor cube, and then three-order Tucker decompositon and image reconstruction strategies are adopted to obtain more robust multi-temporal hyperspectral datasets. Meanwhile, multiple morphological profiles including max-tree and min-tree are applied to extract different attributes of multi-temporal images. Finally, these results are fused to general a final change detection map. Experiments conducted on two real hyperspectral datasets demonstrate that the proposed detector achieves better detection performance.
Herein, we present a system for hyperspectral image segmentation that utilizes multiple class--based denoising autoencoders which are efficiently trained. Moreover, we present a novel hyperspectral data augmentation method for labelled HSI data using linear mixtures of pixels from each class, which helps the system with edge pixels which are almost always mixed pixels. Finally, we utilize a deep neural network and morphological hole-filling to provide robust image classification. Results run on the Salinas dataset verify the high performance of the proposed algorithm.
Centre de Morphologie Mathématique（数学形态学中心）；Ecole des Mines de Paris（巴黎高等矿业学院）
The present paper develops a general methodology for the morphological segmentation of hyperspectral images, i.e., with an important number of channels. This approach, based on watershed, is composed of a spectral classification to obtain the markers and a vectorial gradient which gives the spatial information. Several alternative gradients are adapted to the different hyperspectral functions. Data reduction is performed either by Factor Analysis or by model fitting. Image segmentation is done on different spaces: factor space, parameters space, etc. On all these spaces the spatial/spectral se…
For object detection in wide-area aerial imagery, post-processing is usually needed to reduce false detections. We propose a two-stage post-processing scheme which comprises an area-thresholding sieving process and a morphological closing operation. We use two wide-area aerial videos to compare the performance of five object detection algorithms in the absence and in the presence of our post-processing scheme. The automatic detection results are compared with the ground-truth objects. Several metrics are used for performance comparison.
Silesian University of Technology（西里西亚工业大学）；KP Labs（KP实验室）
Hyperspectral satellite imaging attracts enormous research attention in the remote sensing community, hence automated approaches for precise segmentation of such imagery are being rapidly developed. In this letter, we share our observations on the strategy for validating hyperspectral image segmentation algorithms currently followed in the literature, and show that it can lead to over-optimistic experimental insights. We introduce a new routine for generating segmentation benchmarks, and use it to elaborate ready-to-use hyperspectral training-test data partitions. They can be utilized for fair…
Hyperspectral cameras can provide unique spectral signatures for consistently distinguishing materials that can be used to solve surveillance tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel real-time hyperspectral likelihood maps-aided tracking method (HLT) inspired by an adaptive hyperspectral sensor. A moving object tracking system generally consists of registration, object detection, and tracking modules. We focus on the target detection part and remove the necessity to build any offline classifiers and tune a large amount of hyperparameters, instead learning a generative target model in an online…
Amazon Web Service（亚马逊云服务）；University of Houston（休斯顿大学）
Deep neural networks have proven to be very effective for computer vision tasks, such as image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation -- these are primarily applied to color imagery and video. In recent years, there has been an emergence of deep learning algorithms being applied to hyperspectral and multispectral imagery for remote sensing and biomedicine tasks. These multi-channel images come with their own unique set of challenges that must be addressed for effective image analysis. Challenges include limited ground truth (annotation is expensive and extensive labeling i…
Evaluation of Deep Learning Semantic Segmentation for Land Cover Mapping on Multispectral, Hyperspectral and High Spatial Aerial Imagery
Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University（国立中央大学太空及遥测研究中心）；Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University（国立中央大学资讯工程学系）
HyperSAM: A Promptable Foundation Model for Hyperspectral Remote Sensing
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院空天信息创新研究院）；Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf（亥姆霍兹德累斯顿罗森多夫研究中心）；University of Iceland（冰岛大学）；Griffith University（格里菲斯大学）
Recent advances in computer vision using deep learning with RGB imagery (e.g., object recognition and detection) have been made possible thanks to the development of large annotated RGB image datasets. In contrast, multispectral image (MSI) and hyperspectral image (HSI) datasets contain far fewer labeled images, in part due to the wide variety of sensors used. These annotations are especially limited for semantic segmentation, or pixel-wise classification, of remote sensing imagery because it is labor intensive to generate image annotations. Low-shot learning algorithms can make effective infe…
Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology（卡尔森成像科学中心，罗切斯特理工学院）
Deep learning continues to push state-of-the-art performance for the semantic segmentation of color (i.e., RGB) imagery; however, the lack of annotated data for many remote sensing sensors (i.e. hyperspectral imagery (HSI)) prevents researchers from taking advantage of this recent success. Since generating sensor specific datasets is time intensive and cost prohibitive, remote sensing researchers have embraced deep unsupervised feature extraction. Although these methods have pushed state-of-the-art performance on current HSI benchmarks, many of these tools are not readily accessible to many re…
In this paper, we propose a burnscar detection model for hyperspectral imaging (HSI) data. The proposed model contains two-processing steps in which the first step separate and then suppress the cloud information presenting in the data set using an RPCA algorithm and the second step detect the burnscar area in the low-rank component output of the first step. Experiments are conducted on the public MODIS dataset available at NASA official website.
In this work we consider the application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for pixel-wise labeling (a.k.a., semantic segmentation) of remote sensing imagery (e.g., aerial color or hyperspectral imagery). Remote sensing imagery is usually stored in the form of very large images, referred to as "tiles", which are too large to be segmented directly using most CNNs and their associated hardware. As a result, during label inference, smaller sub-images, called "patches", are processed individually and then "stitched" (concatenated) back together to create a tile-sized label map. This approach …
Universitat de València（瓦伦西亚大学）；Descartes Lab（笛卡尔实验室）
Anomalous change detection (ACD) is an important problem in remote sensing image processing. Detecting not only pervasive but also anomalous or extreme changes has many applications for which methodologies are available. This paper introduces a nonlinear extension of a full family of anomalous change detectors. In particular, we focus on algorithms that utilize Gaussian and elliptically contoured (EC) distribution and extend them to their nonlinear counterparts based on the theory of reproducing kernels' Hilbert space. We illustrate the performance of the kernel methods introduced in both perv…
University of California, Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校）；Bard College（巴德学院）；Grenoble Institute of Technology（格勒诺布尔理工学院）；University of California, San Diego（加州大学圣地亚哥分校）
In this paper, a graph-based nonlocal total variation method (NLTV) is proposed for unsupervised classification of hyperspectral images (HSI). The variational problem is solved by the primal-dual hybrid gradient (PDHG) algorithm. By squaring the labeling function and using a stable simplex clustering routine, an unsupervised clustering method with random initialization can be implemented. The effectiveness of this proposed algorithm is illustrated on both synthetic and real-world HSI, and numerical results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other standard unsupervised clustering meth…
Mercedes-Benz Research and Development India Pvt. Ltd.（梅赛德斯-奔驰印度私人有限公司研发中心）；Centre of Studies in Resources Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay（印度理工学院孟买分校资源工程研究中心）
Hyperspectral Imagery (and Remote Sensing in general) captured from UAVs or satellites are highly voluminous in nature due to the large spatial extent and wavelengths captured by them. Since analyzing these images requires a huge amount of computational time and power, various dimensionality reduction techniques have been used for feature reduction. Some popular techniques among these falter when applied to Hyperspectral Imagery due to the famed curse of dimensionality. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, LEt-SNE, which combines graph based algorithms like t-SNE and Laplacian Eigenmaps…
Center for Applied Mathematics, Tianjin University（天津大学应用数学中心）
In this paper, we propose a spectral-spatial feature extraction and classification framework based on artificial neuron network (ANN) in the context of hyperspectral imagery. With limited labeled samples, only spectral information is exploited for training and spatial context is integrated posteriorly at the testing stage. Taking advantage of recent advances in face recognition, a joint supervision symbol that combines softmax loss and center loss is adopted to train the proposed network, by which intra-class features are gathered while inter-class variations are enlarged. Based on the learned…
Hyperspectral images contain mixed pixels due to low spatial resolution of hyperspectral sensors. Spectral unmixing problem refers to decomposing mixed pixels into a set of endmembers and abundance fractions. Due to nonnegativity constraint on abundance fractions, nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) methods have been widely used for solving spectral unmixing problem. In this letter we proposed using multilayer NMF (MLNMF) for the purpose of hyperspectral unmixing. In this approach, spectral signature matrix can be modeled as a product of sparse matrices. In fact MLNMF decomposes the observa…
University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）；Fondazione E. Mach（埃马努埃莱·马赫基金会）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；The University of Queensland（昆士兰大学）；Natural England（英国自然署）
Recognising individual trees within remotely sensed imagery has important applications in forest ecology and management. Several algorithms for tree delineation have been suggested, mostly based on locating local maxima or inverted basins in raster canopy height models (CHMs) derived from Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data or photographs. However, these algorithms often lead to inaccurate estimates of forest stand characteristics due to the limited information content of raster CHMs. Here we develop a 3D tree delineation method which uses graph cut to delineate trees from the full 3D LiD…
Beijing Institute of Technology（北京理工大学）；Space star technology co., LTD（航天恒星科技有限公司）
In hyperspectral, high-quality spectral signals convey subtle spectral differences to distinguish similar materials, thereby providing unique advantage for anomaly detection. Hence fine spectra of anomalous pixels can be effectively screened out from heterogeneous background pixels. Since the same materials have similar characteristics in spatial and spectral dimension, detection performance can be significantly enhanced by jointing spatial and spectral information. In this paper, a spectralspatial fusion anomaly detection (SSFAD) method is proposed for hyperspectral imagery. First, original s…
National Technical University of Athens（雅典国立技术大学）；University of Malta（马耳他大学）
In Cultural Heritage, hyperspectral images are commonly used since they provide extended information regarding the optical properties of materials. Thus, the processing of such high-dimensional data becomes challenging from the perspective of machine learning techniques to be applied. In this paper, we propose a Rank-$R$ tensor-based learning model to identify and classify material defects on Cultural Heritage monuments. In contrast to conventional deep learning approaches, the proposed high order tensor-based learning demonstrates greater accuracy and robustness against overfitting. Experimen…
School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University（武汉大学测绘学院）；Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology（地球空间信息技术协同创新中心）
The existence of hybrid noise in hyperspectral images (HSIs) severely degrades the data quality, reduces the interpretation accuracy of HSIs, and restricts the subsequent HSIs applications. In this paper, the spatial-spectral gradient network (SSGN) is presented for mixed noise removal in HSIs. The proposed method employs a spatial-spectral gradient learning strategy, in consideration of the unique spatial structure directionality of sparse noise and spectral differences with additional complementary information for better extracting intrinsic and deep features of HSIs. Based on a fully cascad…
We propose an approach for capturing the signal variability in hyperspectral imagery using the framework of the Grassmann manifold. Labeled points from each class are sampled and used to form abstract points on the Grassmannian. The resulting points on the Grassmannian have representations as orthonormal matrices and as such do not reside in Euclidean space in the usual sense. There are a variety of metrics which allow us to determine a distance matrices that can be used to realize the Grassmannian as an embedding in Euclidean space. We illustrate that we can achieve an approximately isometric…
For most hyperspectral remote sensing applications, removing bad bands, such as water absorption bands, is a required preprocessing step. Currently, the commonly applied method is by visual inspection, which is very time-consuming and it is easy to overlook some noisy bands. In this study, we find an inherent connection between target detection algorithms and the corrupted band removal. As an example, for the matched filter (MF), which is the most widely used target detection method for hyperspectral data, we present an automatic MF-based algorithm for bad band identification. The MF detector …
There is much current interest in using multi-sensor airborne remote sensing to monitor the structure and biodiversity of forests. This paper addresses the application of non-parametric image registration techniques to precisely align images obtained from multimodal imaging, which is critical for the successful identification of individual trees using object recognition approaches. Non-parametric image registration, in particular the technique of optimizing one objective function containing data fidelity and regularization terms, provides flexible algorithms for image registration. Using a sur…
Chongqing University（重庆大学）；University of Rhode Island（罗德岛大学）；Wuhan University（武汉大学）
The graph embedding (GE) methods have been widely applied for dimensionality reduction of hyperspectral imagery (HSI). However, a major challenge of GE is how to choose proper neighbors for graph construction and explore the spatial information of HSI data. In this paper, we proposed an unsupervised dimensionality reduction algorithm termed spatial-spectral manifold reconstruction preserving embedding (SSMRPE) for HSI classification. At first, a weighted mean filter (WMF) is employed to preprocess the image, which aims to reduce the influence of background noise. According to the spatial consi…
SpectralEarth-FM: Bringing Hyperspectral Imagery into Multimodal Earth Observation Pretraining
Chair of Data Science in Earth Observation（地球观测数据科学主任）；Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑技术大学）；Remote Sensing Technology Institute（遥感技术研究所）；German Aerospace Center (DLR)（德国航空航天中心）；Department of Aerospace Engineering（航空航天工程系）；University of the Bundeswehr Munich（联邦国防军慕尼黑大学）；LEAP；Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML)（慕尼黑机器学习中心）；Univ. Grenoble Alpes（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学）；Inria（法国国家信息与自动化技术研究院）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Grenoble INP（格勒诺布尔INP）；LJK
Rochester Institute of Technology（罗切斯特理工学院）；Department of Defense（美国国防部）；Florida Atlantic University（佛罗里达大西洋大学）；University of California, Davis（加州大学戴维斯分校）
In this paper we present a new dynamical systems algorithm for clustering in hyperspectral images. The main idea of the algorithm is that data points are pushed\' in the direction of increasing density and groups of pixels that end up in the same dense regions belong to the same class. This is essentially a numerical solution of the differential equation defined by the gradient of the density of data points on the data manifold. The number of classes is automated and the resulting clustering can be extremely accurate. In addition to providing a accurate clustering, this algorithm presents a ne…
With the development of deep learning technology, multi-spectral image super-resolution methods based on convolutional neural network have recently achieved great progress. However, the single hyperspectral image super-resolution remains a challenging problem due to the high-dimensional and complex spectral characteristics of hyperspectral data, which make it difficult to simultaneously capture spatial and spectral information. To deal with this issue, we propose a novel Feedback Refined Local-Global Network (FRLGN) for the super-resolution of hyperspectral image. To be specific, we develop a …
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf（亥姆霍兹德累斯顿-罗森多夫研究中心）；Univ. Grenoble Alpes（格勒诺布尔-阿尔卑斯大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Grenoble INP（格勒诺布尔理工学院）；Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology（南京信息工程大学）；Hunan University（湖南大学）；Inria（法国国家信息与自动化研究所）；University of Iceland（冰岛大学）
Hyperspectral images provide detailed spectral information through hundreds of (narrow) spectral channels (also known as dimensionality or bands) with continuous spectral information that can accurately classify diverse materials of interest. The increased dimensionality of such data makes it possible to significantly improve data information content but provides a challenge to the conventional techniques (the so-called curse of dimensionality) for accurate analysis of hyperspectral images. Feature extraction, as a vibrant field of research in the hyperspectral community, evolved through decad…
The shortage of training samples remains one of the main obstacles in applying the artificial neural networks (ANN) to the hyperspectral images classification. To fuse the spatial and spectral information, pixel patches are often utilized to train a model, which may further aggregate this problem. In the existing works, an ANN model supervised by center-loss (ANNC) was introduced. Training merely with spectral information, the ANNC yields discriminative spectral features suitable for the subsequent classification tasks. In this paper, a CNN-based spatial feature fusion (CSFF) algorithm is prop…
Harbin Institute of Technology（哈尔滨工业大学）；Wuhan University（武汉大学）
Recently, single gray/RGB image super-resolution reconstruction task has been extensively studied and made significant progress by leveraging the advanced machine learning techniques based on deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs). However, there has been limited technical development focusing on single hyperspectral image super-resolution due to the high-dimensional and complex spectral patterns in hyperspectral image. In this paper, we make a step forward by investigating how to adapt state-of-the-art residual learning based single gray/RGB image super-resolution approaches for computati…
University of Virginia, School of Data Science（弗吉尼亚大学数据科学学院）
Hyperspectral Imagining is a type of digital imaging in which each pixel contains typically hundreds of wavelengths of light providing spectroscopic information about the materials present in the pixel. In this paper we provide classification methods for determining crop type in the USGS GHISACONUS data, which contains around 7,000 pixel spectra from the five major U.S. agricultural crops (winter wheat, rice, corn, soybeans, and cotton) collected by the NASA Hyperion satellite, and includes the spectrum, geolocation, crop type, and stage of growth for each pixel. We apply standard LDA and QDA …
Hyper-spectral satellite imagery is now widely being used for accurate disaster prediction and terrain feature classification. However, in such classification tasks, most of the present approaches use only the spectral information contained in the images. Therefore, in this paper, we present a novel framework that takes into account both the spectral and spatial information contained in the data for land cover classification. For this purpose, we use the Gaussian Maximum Likelihood (GML) and Convolutional Neural Network methods for the pixel-wise spectral classification and then, using segment…
Beijing University of Chemical Technology（北京化工大学）；Sugon Information Industry Co., Ltd（曙光信息产业有限公司）
The land cover classification has played an important role in remote sensing because it can intelligently identify things in one huge remote sensing image to reduce the work of humans. However, a lot of classification methods are designed based on the pixel feature or limited spatial feature of the remote sensing image, which limits the classification accuracy and universality of their methods. This paper proposed a novel method to take into the information of remote sensing image, i.e., geographic latitude-longitude information. In addition, a dual-branch convolutional neural network (CNN) cl…
Despite the great success of deep model on Hyperspectral imagery (HSI) super-resolution(SR) for simulated data, most of them function unsatisfactory when applied to the real data, especially for unsupervised HSI SR methods. One of the main reason comes from the fact that the predefined degeneration models (e.g. blur in spatial domain) utilized by most HSI SR methods often exist great discrepancy with the real one, which results in these deep models overfit and ultimately degrade their performance on real data. To well mitigate such a problem, we explore the unsupervised blind HSI SR method. Sp…
Person re-identification in a multi-camera environment is an important part of modern surveillance systems. Person re-identification from color images has been the focus of much active research, due to the numerous challenges posed with such analysis tasks, such as variations in illumination, pose and viewpoints. In this paper, we suggest that hyperspectral imagery has the potential to provide unique information that is expected to be beneficial for the re-identification task. Specifically, we assert that by accurately characterizing the unique spectral signature for each person's skin, hypers…
University of Missouri（密苏里大学）；University of Florida（佛罗里达大学）
A map-guided superpixel segmentation method for hyperspectral imagery is developed and introduced. The proposed approach develops a hyperspectral-appropriate version of the SLIC superpixel segmentation algorithm, leverages map information to guide segmentation, and incorporates the semi-supervised Partial Membership Latent Dirichlet Allocation (sPM-LDA) to obtain a final superpixel segmentation. The proposed method is applied to two real hyperspectral data sets and quantitative cluster validity metrics indicate that the proposed approach outperforms existing hyperspectral superpixel segmentati…
The application of infrared hyperspectral imagery to geological problems is becoming more popular as data become more accessible and cost-effective. Clustering and classifying spectrally similar materials is often a first step in applications ranging from economic mineral exploration on Earth to planetary exploration on Mars. Semi-manual classification guided by expertly developed spectral parameters can be time consuming and biased, while supervised methods require abundant labeled data and can be difficult to generalize. Here we develop a fully unsupervised workflow for feature extraction an…
Manchester Metropolitan University（曼彻斯特城市大学）；Hebei Agriculture University（河北农业大学）
Late blight disease is one of the most destructive diseases in potato crop, leading to serious yield losses globally. Accurate diagnosis of the disease at early stage is critical for precision disease control and management. Current farm practices in crop disease diagnosis are based on manual visual inspection, which is costly, time consuming, subject to individual bias. Recent advances in imaging sensors (e.g. RGB, multiple spectral and hyperspectral cameras), remote sensing and machine learning offer the opportunity to address this challenge. Particularly, hyperspectral imagery (HSI) combini…
This paper introduces a new unsupervised method for dimensionality reduction via regression (DRR). The algorithm belongs to the family of invertible transforms that generalize Principal Component Analysis (PCA) by using curvilinear instead of linear features. DRR identifies the nonlinear features through multivariate regression to ensure the reduction in redundancy between he PCA coefficients, the reduction of the variance of the scores, and the reduction in the reconstruction error. More importantly, unlike other nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods, the invertibility, volume-preservati…
Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；University of Macau（澳门大学）
Displaying the large number of bands in a hyper- spectral image (HSI) on a trichromatic monitor is important for HSI processing and analysis system. The visualized image shall convey as much information as possible from the original HSI and meanwhile facilitate image interpretation. However, most existing methods display HSIs in false color, which contradicts with user experience and expectation. In this paper, we propose a visualization approach based on constrained manifold learning, whose goal is to learn a visualized image that not only preserves the manifold structure of the HSI but also …
School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University（西北工业大学光电与智能研究院）；School of Computer Science and School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University（西北工业大学计算机学院与光电与智能研究院）
In recent years, hyperspectral anomaly detection (HAD) has become an active topic and plays a significant role in military and civilian fields. As a classic HAD method, the collaboration representation-based detector (CRD) has attracted extensive attention and in-depth research. Despite the good performance of the CRD method, its computational cost mainly arising from the sliding dual window strategy is too high for wide applications. Moreover, it takes multiple repeated tests to determine the size of the dual window, which needs to be reset once the dataset changes and cannot be identified in…
