用光子计数漫射LiDAR直接测量冰川冰的光学性质
Direct measurement of optical properties of glacier ice using a photon-counting diffuse LiDAR
摘要：
冰川融水的产生是冰川质量损失的一大部分原因，冰川融水在夏季暴露在陆地冰的边缘。冰川融水产生的速率对冰川的物理结构和化学成分特别敏感，而物理结构和化学成分结合起来决定了冰川的溶解度。然而，近地表冰川冰的光学特性并不为人所知，因为大多数先前的工作都集中在实验室或深核中制造的冰上。在这里，我们展示了一种测量技术的基础上扩散传播的纳秒持续时间的激光脉冲在近地表冰川冰，使独立测量的散射和吸收系数，允许一个完整的描述的过程中管理辐射转移。我们采用光子计数探测器来克服与漫射光学相关的高损耗。该仪器非常便携和坚固，非常适合在偏远地区部署。在俄勒冈州科利尔冰川上进行的一系列测量可以作为该技术的演示。这些测量提供了对近地表冰川冰的物理结构和组成的深入了解，并为分析吸光杂质和对冰冻圈进行遥感开辟了新的途径。
英文摘要：
The production of meltwater from glacier ice, which is exposed at the margins of land ice during the summer, is responsible for a large proportion of glacier mass loss. The rate of meltwater production from glacier ice is especially sensitive to its physical structure and chemical composition which combine to determine the albedo of glacier ice. However, the optical properties of near-surface glacier ice are not well known since most prior work has focused on ice made in the laboratory or from deep cores. Here, we demonstrate a measurement technique based on diffuse propagation of nanosecond-duration laser pulses in near-surface glacier ice that enables the independent measurement of the scattering and absorption coefficients, allowing for a complete description of the processes governing radiative transfer. We employ a photon-counting detector to overcome the high losses associated with diffuse optics. The instrument is highly portable and rugged, making it optimally suited for deployment in remote regions. A set of measurements taken on Collier Glacier, Oregon, serves as a demonstration of the technique. These measurements provide insight into both physical structure and composition of near-surface glacier ice and open new avenues for the analysis of light-absorbing impurities and remote sensing of the cryosphere.
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