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arXiv 2201.07234astro-ph.GAastro-ph.HE
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TNG50星系中中等质量黑洞漂移的动力学研究

Dynamics of Intermediate-Mass Black Holes Wandering in the Milky Way Galaxy Using the Illustris TNG50 Simulation

Emma Jane Weller, Fabio Pacucci, Lars Hernquist, Sownak Bose

摘要:

矮星系中中等质量黑洞(IMBH)的探测对于缩小黑洞($\sim 3 \, \rm M_{\odot}$到$\sim 5 \times 10^{10} \, \rm M_{\odot}$)的宽质量分布的差距至关重要。IMBH最初位于后来与银河系(MW)碰撞的矮星中心,可能在我们的银河系中徘徊,未被发现。我们使用TNG 50,最高分辨率运行的IllustrisTNG项目,研究星团的运动学和动力学,在适当的质量范围内,作为IMBH代理MW模拟星系。我们发现,我们研究的IMBH的$\sim 87\%$向内漂移。这些下沉的IMBHs的径向速度的中值大小为$\sim 0.44 \, \rm ckpc \, h^{-1} \, Gyr^{-1}$,并且与黑洞质量无关。中央的$1 \, \rm ckpc \, h^{-1}$有着银河系中最高的IMBH数密度。建立了一个具有线性阻力的物理玩具模型来解释轨道随时间的圆化。这些发现限制了IMBH的空间分布,这表明未来的搜索应该集中在银河系的中心区域。此外,我们还发现IMBH相对于银河系中心的三维速度分布具有$\sim 180 \, \rm km \, s^{-1}$的平均值,并且随着半径的减小而具有较大的方差。值得注意的是,相对于局部气体的速度分布显示出明显较低的值,平均值为$\sim 88 \, \rm km \, s^{-1}$。这些结果有助于预测IMBH的吸积和辐射性质,促进它们的检测与未来的调查。

英文摘要:

The detection of Intermediate-Mass Black Holes (IMBHs) in dwarf galaxies is crucial to closing the gap in the wide mass distribution of black holes ($\sim 3 \, \rm M_{\odot}$ to $\sim 5 \times 10^{10} \, \rm M_{\odot}$). IMBHs originally located at the center of dwarfs that later collide with the Milky Way (MW) could be wandering, undetected, in our Galaxy. We used TNG50, the highest-resolution run of the IllustrisTNG project, to study the kinematics and dynamics of star clusters, in the appropriate mass range, acting as IMBH proxies in a MW analog galaxy. We showed that $\sim 87\%$ of our studied IMBHs drift inward. The radial velocity of these sinking IMBHs has a median magnitude of $\sim 0.44 \, \rm ckpc \, h^{-1} \, Gyr^{-1}$ and no dependence on the black hole mass. The central $1 \, \rm ckpc \, h^{-1}$ has the highest number density of IMBHs in the galaxy. A physical toy model with linear drag forces was developed to explain the orbital circularization with time. These findings constrain the spatial distribution of IMBHs, suggesting that future searches should focus on the central regions of the Galaxy. Additionally, we found that the 3D velocity distribution of IMBHs with respect to the galactic center has a mean of $\sim 180 \, \rm km \, s^{-1}$ and larger variance with decreasing radius. Remarkably, the velocity distribution relative to the local gas shows significantly lower values, with a mean of $\sim 88 \, \rm km \, s^{-1}$. These results are instrumental for predicting the accretion and radiation properties of IMBHs, facilitating their detection with future surveys.

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