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arXiv 2201.06446cs.CR
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一般图上的隐私保护最大匹配及其在隐私保护肾脏交换中的应用

Privacy-Preserving Maximum Matching on General Graphs and its Application to Enable Privacy-Preserving Kidney Exchange

Malte Breuer, Ulrike Meyer, Susanne Wetzel

摘要:

直到今天,仍然有一些国家的法律限制多个不相容的患者-供体对之间的肾脏交换。通常情况下,这方面的法律条例是为了禁止胁迫和操纵,以防止器官交易市场。然而,在实行肾脏交换的国家,促进这种交换的现有平台通常缺乏足够的隐私机制。在本文中,我们提出了一个肾脏交换的隐私保护协议,不仅解决了现有平台的隐私问题,而且还旨在克服那些尚未实施肾脏交换的国家的法律问题。在我们的方法中,我们使用秘密共享的概念,以隐私保护的方式在一组计算对等体之间分发患者和捐赠者的医疗数据。然后,这些计算对等体相互执行我们新的安全多方计算(SMPC)协议,以确定肾脏交换的最佳集合。作为我们新协议的一部分,我们设计了一个隐私保护的解决方案,一般图上的最大匹配问题。我们在SMPC基准测试框架MP-SPDZ中实现了该协议,并提供了全面的性能评估。此外,我们分析了我们的协议的实用性时,在一个动态的设置(患者和捐赠者到达和离开随着时间的推移)的基础上,从器官共享联合网络的数据集。

英文摘要:

To this day, there are still some countries where the exchange of kidneys between multiple incompatible patient-donor pairs is restricted by law. Typically, legal regulations in this context are put in place to prohibit coercion and manipulation in order to prevent a market for organ trade. Yet, in countries where kidney exchange is practiced, existing platforms to facilitate such exchanges generally lack sufficient privacy mechanisms. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving protocol for kidney exchange that not only addresses the privacy problem of existing platforms but also is geared to lead the way in overcoming legal issues in those countries where kidney exchange is still not practiced. In our approach, we use the concept of secret sharing to distribute the medical data of patients and donors among a set of computing peers in a privacy-preserving fashion. These computing peers then execute our new Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC) protocol among each other to determine an optimal set of kidney exchanges. As part of our new protocol, we devise a privacy-preserving solution to the maximum matching problem on general graphs. We have implemented the protocol in the SMPC benchmarking framework MP-SPDZ and provide a comprehensive performance evaluation. Furthermore, we analyze the practicality of our protocol when used in a dynamic setting (where patients and donors arrive and depart over time) based on a data set from the United Network for Organ Sharing.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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