用双氢钟的CVSTT技术确定重力位
Determining the gravity potential with the CVSTT technique using two hydrogen clocks
摘要：
根据广义相对论（GRT），通过比较两个不同台站的两个精密时钟之间的频率，可以确定两个台站之间由于重力频移效应而产生的重力位（地球位）差。本文介绍了利用共视卫星时间传递（CVSTT）技术，通过两台远程氢原子钟的频率比较，确定地球位差的实验结果。首次将集合经验模态分解（EEMD）技术应用于CVSTT观测，有效地确定了与位势相关的信号。根据两个不同时期两钟之间的净频移，确定了北京203所实验室（BIL）与罗家山时频站（LTS）之间的位势差。对比结果表明，利用钟对法计算的LTS正高与地球重力模型EGM 2008计算的LTS正高相差（38.5 $\pm$ 45.7）m。这一结果与实验中所用的氢钟（在$10^{-15}$ ~天$^{-1}$水平）的频率稳定性是一致的。利用更精确的原子钟或光学钟，CVSTT方法在大地测量中有着广泛而有效的应用前景。
英文摘要：
According to general relativity theory (GRT), by comparing the frequencies between two precise clocks at two different stations, the gravity potential (geopotential) difference between the two stations can be determined due to the gravity frequency shift effect. Here, we provide experimental results of geopotential difference determination based on frequency comparisons between two remote hydrogen atomic clocks, with the help of common-view satellite time transfer (CVSTT) technique. For the first time we apply the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) technique to the CVSTT observations for effectively determining the geopotential-related signals. Based on the net frequency shift between the two clocks in two different periods, the geopotential difference between stations of the Beijing 203 Institute Laboratory (BIL) and Luojiashan Time--Frequency Station (LTS) is determined. Comparisons show that the orthometric height (OH) of LTS determined by the clock comparison is deviated from that determined by the Earth gravity model EGM2008 by (38.5$\pm$45.7)~m. The results are consistent with the frequency stabilities of the hydrogen clocks (at the level of $10^{-15}$~day$^{-1}$) used in the experiment. Using more precise atomic or optical clocks, the CVSTT method for geopotential determination could be applied effectively and extensively in geodesy in the future.
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