ITS中智能室内停车场的多径辅助无线电感知和占用检测
Multipath-assisted Radio Sensing and Occupancy Detection for Smart In-house Parking in ITS
摘要：
基于无线电的联合通信、定位和传感是一个新兴的研究领域，具有各种应用潜力。从这些能力中受益匪浅的是，智慧城市、移动性和物流概念是最大限度地提高现代交通系统效率的关键组成部分。在城市环境中，寻找停车位和货物运输都是耗时和占用空间的，并成为这些运输链的瓶颈。为这些异构的要求配置文件（对象的主动和被动定位）提供位置信息，可以通过使用可改造的无线传感器网络来实现，这些传感器网络通常只部署用于主动定位。可以通过评估存储在信道脉冲响应（CIR）中的传输信道的信号反射和多径特性来实现对对象的附加被动检测。在这项工作中，一个概念验证的实现和初步的实验结果，基于CIR的占用检测停车场。由于时间分辨率依赖于可用带宽，因此使用超宽带收发器的CIR。为此，CIR被平滑，并且通过执行背景减除来检测CIR内的时变变化。最后，将反射对象映射到各个停车场。所开发的方法进行了测试，在内部停车场。所提供的工作是被动占用检测的基础，其能力可以通过利用额外的物理层（例如5G甚至6G）来增强。
英文摘要：
Joint, radio-based communication, localization and sensing is a rapidly emerging research field with various application potentials. Greatly benefiting from these capabilities, smart city, mobility, and logistic concepts are key components for maximizing the efficiency of modern transportation systems. In urban environments, both the search for parking space and freight transport are time- and space-consuming and present the bottlenecks for these transportation chains. Providing location information for these heterogeneous requirement profiles (both active and passive localization of objects), can be realized by using retrofittable wireless sensor networks, which are typically only deployed for active localization. An additional passive detection of objects can be achieved by assessing signal reflections and multipath properties of the transmission channel stored within the Channel Impulse Response (CIR). In this work, a proof-of-concept realization and preliminary experimental results of a CIR-based occupancy detection for parking lots are presented. As the time resolution is dependent on available bandwidth, the CIR of Ultra-wideband transceivers are used. For this, the CIR is smoothed and time-variant changes within it are detected by performing a background subtraction. Finally, the reflecting objects are mapped to individual parking lots. The developed method is tested in an in-house parking garage. The work provided is a foundation for passive occupancy detection, whose capabilities can prospectively be enhanced by exploiting additional physical layers, such as 5G or even 6G.
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