再访BepiColombo太阳会合实验
The BepiColombo solar conjunction experiments revisited
摘要：
欧空局/日本宇宙航空研究开发机构的BepiColombo飞行任务目前正处于向水星飞行的7年巡航阶段。水星轨道器放射科学实验（MORE）是该任务的16个实验之一，将于2021年3月在优越的太阳会合（SSC）期间开始其科学调查，并进行广义相对论（GR）测试。在巡航阶段，其他太阳会合将随之而来，为改善第一次实验的结果提供了几个机会。MORE无线电跟踪系统几乎可以在所有的太阳伸长角（最多7-8个太阳半径）上建立精确的测距和多普勒测量，从而提供对SSC期间无线电信号所经历的相对论时间延迟和频率偏移的精确测量。实验的最终目的是对GR作为弱场极限的引力理论的准确性设置新的限制。与所有重力实验一样，作用在航天器上的非重力加速度是一个主要问题。由于接近太阳，航天器将经历严重的太阳辐射压力加速，并且太阳辐照度的随机波动的影响可能成为航天器抖振的重要来源。在本文中，我们解决的问题，一个现实的估计结果的SSC实验的BepiColombo，包括在动态模型中的随机变化的影响，太阳辐照度。我们提出了一种数值方法来减轻可变的太阳辐射压力对实验结果的影响。我们的模拟结果表明，在不同的太阳活动和观测覆盖率的假设下，$γ$的估计精度在$[6, 13]\cdot10^{-6}$范围内。
英文摘要：
BepiColombo ESA/JAXA mission is currently in its 7 year cruise phase towards Mercury. The Mercury orbiter radioscience experiment (MORE), one of the 16 experiments of the mission, will start its scientific investigation during the superior solar conjunction (SSC) in March 2021 with a test of general relativity (GR). Other solar conjunctions will follow during the cruise phase, providing several opportunities to improve the results of the first experiment. MORE radio tracking system allows to establish precise ranging and Doppler measurements almost at all solar elongation angles (up to 7-8 solar radii), thus providing an accurate measurement of the relativistic time delay and frequency shift experienced by a radio signal during an SSC. The final objective of the experiment is to place new limits to the accuracy of the GR as a theory of gravity in the weak-field limit. As in all gravity experiments, non-gravitational accelerations acting on the spacecraft are a major concern. Because of the proximity to the Sun, the spacecraft will undergo severe solar radiation pressure acceleration, and the effect of the random fluctuations of the solar irradiance may become a significant source of spacecraft buffeting. In this paper we address the problem of a realistic estimate of the outcome of the SSC experiments of BepiColombo, by including in the dynamical model the effects of random variations in the solar irradiance. We propose a numerical method to mitigate the impact of the variable solar radiation pressure on the outcome of the experiment. Our simulations show that, with different assumptions on the solar activity and observation coverage, the accuracy attainable in the estimation of $γ$ lays in the range $[6, 13]\cdot10^{-6}$.
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