用富氢晶体和低Tc TES探测器探测轻暗物质
Light Dark Matter Detection with Hydrogen-rich Crystals and Low-Tc TES Detectors
摘要：
直接探测亚GeV暗物质（DM）粒子的核散射有利于低Z核。氢核只有一个质子，它提供了与轻暗物质粒子最好的运动学匹配。特征核反冲能比传统弱相互作用大质量粒子（WIMP）搜索中使用的较大核的反冲能提高几十倍。此外，氢不仅是最佳的自旋无关的核散射的亚GeV DM，但也为自旋相关的核散射，其中大的参数空间仍然不受约束。本文首先介绍了富氢晶体，包括水冰、乙炔、蒽、反式二苯乙烯和萘。这些晶体在动力学激发下发出两类信号。一类信号是红外光子，其来自分子的光学活性基本振动模式并且处于相应的特征波长。另一种是声学声子，以及衰减为声学声子的光学声子。然后，我们讨论了低Tc的过渡边缘传感器（TES）探测器的技术现状和未来的研究，它测量单个红外光子和一个小流量的声学声子具有理想的灵敏度。通过理论建模来选择用于优化科学范围的富氢晶体，开发用于读出的超灵敏低Tc TES探测器，并通过实验表征所选富氢晶体中光子和声子的传输特性，可以建立直接检测实验来测量光DM粒子的大的未探索的参数空间。
英文摘要：
Direct detection of nuclear scatterings of sub-GeV Dark Matter (DM) particles favors low-Z nuclei. Hydrogen nucleus, which has a single proton, provides the best kinematic match to a light dark matter particle. The characteristic nuclear recoil energy is boosted by a factor of a few tens from those for larger nuclei used in traditional Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) searches. Furthermore, hydrogen is optimal not only for spin-independent nuclear scatterings of sub-GeV DM, but also for spin-dependent nuclear scatterings, where large parameter space remains unconstrained. In this paper, we first introduce hydrogen-rich crystals, which include water ice, acetylene, anthracene, trans-stilbene, and naphthalene. These crystals emit two classes of signals under kinetic excitations. One class of the signals is infrared photons, which are from optically active fundamental vibrational modes of molecules and are at corresponding characteristic wavelengths. The other is acoustic phonons, and optical phonons that decay into acoustic phonons. We then discuss the technical status and future researches of low-Tc Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) detectors, which measure single infrared photons and a small flux of acoustic phonons with desirable sensitivities. With theoretical modeling to select the hydrogen-rich crystals for the optimized science reach, development of ultra-sensitive low-Tc TES detectors for readout, and experimentally characterizing transport properties of photons and phonons in the selected hydrogen-rich crystals, a direct detection experiment can be built for measuring the large unexplored parameter space of light DM particles.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
