EHRP：一种有效的无线传感器网络能耗和时延折衷混合路由协议
EHRP : An effective hybrid routing protocol to compromise between energy consumption and delay in WSNs
摘要：
Sink移动被认为是解决无线传感器网络热点问题的有效策略。移动sink在网络中漫游，通过短距离通信从簇头（CH）等特殊节点收集数据，提高了能量效率。许多基于移动汇聚点的路由协议已经被提出，然而，它们引起高延迟，特别是在大规模网络中，移动汇聚点必须旅行很长的距离来收集来自CH的数据，因此它们未能确保能量效率和延迟之间的权衡。为了解决这个问题，我们在本文中提出了一个有效的混合路由协议称为EHRP。该协议的主要目的是将单跳路由和多跳路由结合起来。事实上，当移动接收器到达一个集群，它收集它的数据，而其他遥远的CH继续发送他们的数据，使用我们提出的改进蚁群优化（ACO）算法，以避免等待时间。现有的蚁群优化算法采用距离启发式算法，这在现实世界中是不实用的，并且没有考虑能量的相关统计信息（例如，最小能量、平均能量），这导致网络中的能量消耗不平衡。为了解决这些问题，提出的路由算法使用接收信号强度指示符（RSSI）和能量的统计信息，以有效地消耗能量，降低发送失败的概率。该路由协议的性能进行了测试，并与相关的路由协议。仿真结果表明，与同类算法相比，EHRP算法在降低能耗和时延的同时，提高了分组投递率。
英文摘要：
Sink mobility is seen as a successful strategy to resolve the hotspot problem in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Mobile sinks roam in the network and collect data from special nodes such as Cluster Heads (CH) by means of short-range communications which improves the energy efficiency. Numerous mobile sink based routing protocols have been proposed, however, they incur high delays especially in large scale networks where the mobile sink has to travel for a long distance to collect data from CHs and consequently they failed to ensure a tradeoff between energy efficiency and delay. To resolve this issue, we propose in this paper an Effective Hybrid Routing Protocol termed as EHRP. The main aim of this protocol is to combine between single-hop and multi-hop routing. Indeed, when the mobile sink arrives at a cluster it collects its data while the other distant CHs continue to send their data using our proposed improved Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm to avoid the waiting-time. The existing ACO algorithms use in the distance heuristic which is not practical in real world and fail to consider relevant statistic information of energy (e.g., minimum energy, average energy) in path selection which leads to unbalanced energy consumption in the network. To address these issues, the proposed routing algorithm employs the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and statistic information of energy to consume energy efficiently and decrease the probability of sending failure. The performance of the proposed routing protocol is tested and compared with those of the relevant routing protocols. The simulation results show that, in comparison with its counterparts, EHRP succeeds to minimize energy consumption and delay as well as enhancing the packet delivery ratio.
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