arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2201.03892astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IM
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通过恒星掩星进行的小行星天体测量:来自轨道拟合的现有样本的精度

Asteroid astrometry by stellar occultations: Accuracy of the existing sample from orbital fitting

João F. Ferreira, Paolo Tanga, Federica Spoto, Pedro Machado, Dave Herald

摘要:

内容:由于盖亚数据的公布,恒星掩星得到了极大的加强,不仅可以确定小行星的大小和形状,还可以检索更多的精确天体测量数据,这可能对动力学特性的研究产生相关影响。使用盖亚作为参考目录和最近实施的改进的掩星天体测量误差模型提供了机会,以测试其全球天体测量性能的现有数据集的观测事件,主要是属于主带的小行星。目的:我们的目标是探索通过减少盖亚数据发布2(DR2)和早期数据发布3(EDR3)中给出的恒星位置的掩星所带来的轨道精度性能,与新的掩星误差模型联合使用。我们的目标是验证DR2和EDR3的质量提供了一个合乎逻辑的进展,在利用掩星天体测量相对于以前的目录。我们还希望将拟合后残差与误差模型进行比较。方法:我们开始精确的轨道调整掩星数据,单独或加入其他可用的地面观测。然后,我们分析了轨道精度和后拟合残差。结果如下:盖亚EDR3和DR2对掩星数据的准确性带来了显着的改善,与其他目录相比,在拟合轨道时,其残差平均减少了约5倍。这一点在单独使用掩星时尤为明显,从而为很大一部分物体提供了非常好的轨道。我们证明,掩星天体测量可以达到小行星上的盖亚的性能。由于主要通过传统CCD成像获得的其他数据的不确定性和系统误差较高,档案数据和掩星数据的联合使用仍然更具挑战性。

英文摘要:

Context: Stellar occultations, greatly enhanced by the publication of the Gaia data releases, permit not only the determination of asteroid size and shape, but also the retrieval of additional, accurate astrometry, with a possible relevant impact on the study of dynamical properties. The use of Gaia as reference catalogue and the recent implementation of an improved error model for occultation astrometry offer the opportunity to test its global astrometric performance on the existing data set of observed events, dominated by minor planets belonging to the main belt. Aims: We aim to explore the performance on orbit accuracy brought by reducing occultations by stellar positions given in Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) and Early Data Release 3 (EDR3), exploited jointly with the new occultation error model. Our goal is to verify that the quality of DR2 and EDR3 provides a logical progression in the exploitation of occultation astrometry with respect to previous catalogues. We also want to compare the post-fit residuals to the error model. Methods: We began with accurate orbit adjustment to occultation data, either alone or joined to the other available ground-based observations. We then analyzed the orbit accuracy and the post-fit residuals. Results: Gaia EDR3 and DR2 bring a noticeable improvement to the accuracy of occultation data, bringing an average reduction of their residuals upon fitting an orbit of about a factor of 5 when compared to other catalogues. This is particularly visible when occultations alone are used, resulting in very good orbits for a large fraction of objects. We demonstrate that occultation astrometry can reach the performance of Gaia on small asteroids. The joint use of archival data and occultations remains more challenging due to the higher uncertainties and systematic errors of other data, mainly obtained by traditional CCD imaging.

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