实验室中的连续引力波：用桌面光学麦克风恢复音频信号
Continuous gravitational waves in the lab: recovering audio signals with a table-top optical microphone
摘要：
世界各地的引力波观测站都在寻找连续波：来自旋转的中子星等源的持续信号。这些搜索使用复杂的统计技术来寻找噪声数据中的弱信号。在本文中，我们演示了这些技术使用桌面模型引力波探测器：迈克耳孙干涉仪的声音被用作引力波的模拟。使用连续波搜索的信号处理技术，我们证明了恢复的音调与恒定和徘徊的频率。我们还探讨了使用干涉仪作为教学工具，为教育工作者在物理和电气工程，使用它作为一个“光学麦克风”，以捕捉音乐和语音。补充材料中详细介绍了一系列用于从噪声数据中恢复信号的滤波技术。在这里，我们提出了我们的研究结果，使用组合的陷波加维纳滤波器和统计对数最小均方误差（logMMSE）估计的亮点。使用这些技术，我们可以轻松地恢复简单的和弦和鼓的录音，但复杂的音乐和语音更具挑战性。该演示可供本科实验室的教育工作者使用，也可用于向非专业观众传达引力波和信号处理主题。
英文摘要：
Gravitational-wave observatories around the world are searching for continuous waves: persistent signals from sources such as spinning neutron stars. These searches use sophisticated statistical techniques to look for weak signals in noisy data. In this paper, we demonstrate these techniques using a table-top model gravitational-wave detector: a Michelson interferometer where sound is used as an analog for gravitational waves. Using signal processing techniques from continuous-wave searches, we demonstrate the recovery of tones with constant and wandering frequencies. We also explore the use of the interferometer as a teaching tool for educators in physics and electrical engineering by using it as an "optical microphone" to capture music and speech. A range of filtering techniques used to recover signals from noisy data are detailed in the Supplementary Material. Here, we present highlights of our results using a combined notch plus Wiener filter and the statistical log minimum mean-square error (logMMSE) estimator. Using these techniques, we easily recover recordings of simple chords and drums, but complex music and speech are more challenging. This demonstration can be used by educators in undergraduate laboratories and can be adapted for communicating gravitational-wave and signal-processing topics to non-specialist audiences.
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