量子系统中输运的多体方法：从瞬态区到stationary state
A many-body approach to transport in quantum systems: From the transient regime to the stationary state
摘要：
我们回顾了一个最通用的理论方法研究的时间相关的量子输运在纳米系统：非平衡格林函数（NEGF）形式主义。在这种形式主义中，人们可以在同样的基础上处理粒子间的相互作用、外部驱动和/或扰动，以及与具有（分段）连续自由度集的浴的耦合。在对量子系统中的输运理论进行了历史回顾之后，我们介绍了量子输运的NEGF方法的现代介绍。我们讨论了包含粒子间的相互作用，使用图解技术，并使用所谓的嵌入和嵌入技术，考虑到非微扰浴耦合。在各种限制，如非相互作用的限制和稳态的限制，然后，我们展示了如何优雅的NEGF形式主义减少到众所周知的量子输运公式的特殊情况。然后，我们讨论一般的非平衡运输，粒子和能量流。在依赖于时间的驱动下-包括泵浦探测场景以及驱动量子系统-我们讨论了瞬态以及渐近行为，以及如何使用NEGF来推断出平衡系统的信息。作为说明性的例子，我们认为模型系统一般足以铺平道路，现实的系统。这些例子包括一维和二维电子系统、具有电子-声子耦合的系统、拓扑超导体以及与电子-光子耦合相关的光学响应分子结。
英文摘要：
We review one of the most versatile theoretical approaches to the study of time-dependent correlated quantum transport in nano-systems: the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism. Within this formalism, one can treat, on the same footing, inter-particle interactions, external drives and/or perturbations, and coupling to baths with a (piece-wise) continuum set of degrees of freedom. After a historical overview on the theory of transport in quantum systems, we present a modern introduction of the NEGF approach to quantum transport. We discuss the inclusion of inter-particle interactions using diagrammatic techniques, and the use of the so-called embedding and inbedding techniques which take the bath couplings into account non-perturbatively. In various limits, such as the non-interacting limit and the steady-state limit, we then show how the NEGF formalism elegantly reduces to well-known formulae in quantum transport as special cases. We then discuss non-equilibrium transport in general, for both particle and energy currents. Under the presence of a time-dependent drive - encompassing pump-probe scenarios as well as driven quantum systems - we discuss the transient as well as asymptotic behavior, and also how to use NEGF to infer information on the out-of-equilibrium system. As illustrative examples, we consider model systems general enough to pave the way to realistic systems. These examples encompass one- and two-dimensional electronic systems, systems with electron-phonon couplings, topological superconductors, and optically responsive molecular junctions where electron-photon couplings are relevant.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
