应用词嵌入测量巴西记者信息操作中的效价
Applying Word Embeddings to Measure Valence in Information Operations Targeting Journalists in Brazil
摘要：
信息作战的目标之一是改变特定参与者的整体信息环境。例如，“拖钓运动”试图破坏特定公众人物的信誉，导致其他人不信任他们，并恐吓这些人物保持沉默。为了实现这些目标，信息行动经常利用“巨魔”-恶意的在线行为者，他们针对这些数字进行口头辱骂。特别是在巴西，巴西现任总统的盟友被指控经营一个“仇恨内阁”-这是一个针对指控这位政治家及其政权其他成员腐败的记者的拖钓行动。检测有害言论的主要方法，如Google的Perspective API，试图识别含有有害内容的特定消息。虽然这种方法有助于识别要降级、标记或删除的内容，但众所周知，它是脆弱的，可能会错过在话语中引入更微妙偏见的尝试。在这里，我们的目标是开发一种措施，可用于评估有针对性的信息操作如何寻求改变整体价，或评价，特定的演员。初步结果表明，已知的运动针对女性记者比男性记者更多，这些运动可能会在整个Twitter话语中留下可检测的痕迹。
英文摘要：
Among the goals of information operations are to change the overall information environment vis-á-vis specific actors. For example, "trolling campaigns" seek to undermine the credibility of specific public figures, leading others to distrust them and intimidating these figures into silence. To accomplish these aims, information operations frequently make use of "trolls" -- malicious online actors who target verbal abuse at these figures. In Brazil, in particular, allies of Brazil's current president have been accused of operating a "hate cabinet" -- a trolling operation that targets journalists who have alleged corruption by this politician and other members of his regime. Leading approaches to detecting harmful speech, such as Google's Perspective API, seek to identify specific messages with harmful content. While this approach is helpful in identifying content to downrank, flag, or remove, it is known to be brittle, and may miss attempts to introduce more subtle biases into the discourse. Here, we aim to develop a measure that might be used to assess how targeted information operations seek to change the overall valence, or appraisal, of specific actors. Preliminary results suggest known campaigns target female journalists more so than male journalists, and that these campaigns may leave detectable traces in overall Twitter discourse.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
