利用对称性恢复的多维约束协变密度泛函理论研究 $^{96}$Zr 中八极关联的解剖
Anatomy of octupole correlations in $^{96}$Zr with a symmetry-restored multidimensionally-constrained covariant density functional theory
AI总结：
本文利用多维约束相对论 Hartree-Bogoliubov 模型结合变分后投影，揭示了 $^{96}$Zr 中八极关联源于壳结构竞争，并证明对称性破缺与恢复对密度泛函理论描述该核结构不可或缺。
摘要：
最近基于相对论重离子碰撞实验中 STAR 测量结果的分析提供了 $^{96}$Zr 基态中存在八极关联的证据，而对其的描述对核结构模型构成了挑战。在本工作中，我们基于多维约束相对论 Hartree-Bogoliubov 模型对 $^{96}$Zr 进行了变分后投影计算。我们的结果表明，在对称性恢复之后，八极变形形状在能量上更受青睐，而这一现象在纯平均场计算中无法再现。这些复杂结构源于该质量区域中各种壳结构之间的竞争。我们的结果表明，在密度泛函理论中，允许平均场层面的对称性破缺以及恢复破缺的对称性是理解 $^{96}$Zr 结构的必要要素。
英文摘要：
A recent analysis based on the STAR measurement in relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments provides evidence of octupole correlation in the ground state of $^{96}$Zr, the description of which presents a challenge to nuclear structure models. In this work, we perform projection-after-variation calculations for $^{96}$Zr based on a multidimensionally-constrained relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov model. Our results show that an octupole deformed shape is favored in energy after symmetry restoration, and this phenomenon cannot be reproduced in the pure mean-field calculations. These complex structures originate from the competition among various shell structures in this mass region. Our results suggest that the allowance of symmetry breaking at the mean-field level and the restoration of broken symmetries are essential elements for understanding the structure of $^{96}$Zr in density functional theories.
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