Wanli Xing, T. C. Ralph
We derive analytic solutions for Heisenberg evolution under the trilinear parametric Hamiltonian which are correct to second order in the interaction strength but are valid for all pump amplitudes. The solutions allow pump depletion effects to be incorporated in the description of parametric amplification in experimentally relevant scenarios and the resulting new phenomena to be rigorously described.
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We report the efficient generation of high-gain parametric down-conversion, including pump depletion, with pump powers as low as 100 $μ$W (energies $0.1$~$μ$J/pulse) and conversion efficiencies up to 33\%. In our simple configuration, the pump beam is tightly focused into a bulk periodically poled lithium niobate crystal placed in free space. We also observe a change in the photon number statistics for both the pump and down-converted beams as the pump power increases to reach the depleted pump regime. The experimental results are a clear signature of the interplay between the pump and the dow…
We propose and demonstrate a pump-phase locking technique that makes use of weak pump depletion (WPD) - an unavoidable effect that is usually neglected - in a sub-threshold optical parametric oscillator (OPO). We show that the phase difference between seed and pump beam is imprinted on both light fields by the non-linear interaction in the crystal and can be read out without disturbing the squeezed output. Our new locking technique allows for the first experimental realization of a pump-phase lock by reading out the pre-existing phase information in the pump field. There is no degradation of t…
Beyond the parametric approximation: pump depletion, entanglement and squeezing in macroscopic down-conversion
本研究突破参数近似局限，结合多种理论与数值方法研究宏观下转换中泵浦模式的动力学特性，推导相关特征产生时间尺度并提出纠缠见证方案，分析模式光子数统计规律。
We consider novel method for implementation of hybrid entanglement between microscopic and macroscopic states on output of spontaneous parametric down converter through the depletion of the pump wave. The generated signal, idler and pumping fields show weak entanglement. We characterize it and show the limits of applicability of the depleted pump regime. Testing method of the hybrid entanglement is proposed. The hybrid entanglement is tested by conditional generation of maximally entangled states of two qubits and qutrits regardless of its smallness. Possibilities to enhance the hybrid entangl…
Twin-beam coherence properties are analyzed both in the spatial and spectral domains at high-gain regime including pump depletion. The increase of the size of intensity auto- and cross-correlation areas at increasing pump power is replaced by a decrease in the pump depletion regime. This effect is interpreted as a progressive loss in the mode selection occurring at high-gain amplification. The experimental determination of the number of spatio-spectral modes from $g^{(2)} $-function measurements confirms this explanation.
Quantum Pump Depletion and Multicomponent Schrödinger-Cat-Like States in Doubly Pumped Intraresonance Kerr Microresonators
本文通过量子化泵浦模式研究双泵浦Kerr微谐振器中的泵浦耗尽和非高斯态生成，揭示了多模动力学产生的Wigner负性和多分量薛定谔猫态。
Quantum Batteries as Work Sources for Phase-Locked Parametric Amplification
研究用有限玻色子量子电池替代参量放大器泵浦的可行性，发现泵浦相位相干性对锁相放大场至关重要，仅存储能量不足。
Stimulated Rayleigh scattering of pump and probe light pulses of close carrier frequencies is considered. A nonzero time delay between the two pulses is shown to give rise to amplification of the delayed (probe) pulse accompanied by attenuation of the pump, both on resonance and off resonance. In either case, phase-matching effects are shown to provide a sufficiently large gain, which can exceed significantly direct one-photon-absorption losses.
Linear parametric amplification is a key operation in information processing. Our interest here is quantum-limited parametric amplification, $i.e.$, amplification of quantum signals while adding the minimum amount of noise allowed by quantum mechanics, which is essential for any viable implementation of quantum information processing. We describe parametric amplifiers based on the dispersive nonlinearity of Josephson junctions driven with appropriate tones playing the role of pumps. We discuss two defining characteristics in the architecture of these amplifiers: the number of modes occupied by…
Parametric Amplification in Kerr Nonlinear Resonators: A theoretical review of Josephson Parametric Amplifiers
本文对超导电路中用于量子极限信号放大的约瑟夫森参量放大器（JPAs）开展理论综述，推导强泵浦下的动力学方程与稳态解，线性化分析弱信号响应并得到增益表达式，数值探究增益与频率失谐、泵浦强度的关系，为该领域后续研究提供参考。
Using the model of parametric interaction based on the spatio-spectral Schmidt modes and generalized parametric approximation, we analyze coherence and mode structure of ultra-intense twin beams generated in the regime with pump depletion. We show that the increase of spatial and spectral coherence with the increasing pump power observed for moderate powers is replaced by the decrease for the pump powers at which pump depletion occurs. This behavior of coherence is opposed to that exhibited by the number of spatio-spectral modes effectively constituting the twin beam. The conditions for maxima…
Non-degenerate pumping of superconducting resonator parametric amplifier with evidence of phase-sensitive amplification
本文提出并实现了非退化泵浦方案，解决参数放大器的增益连续性和泵浦音去除问题，实验显示26dB增益和0.5MHz带宽，且在4K环境下更稳定。
Photon number projective measurement in Schrödinger cat quantum state preparation procedure after parametric down-conversion interaction
本文提出一种基于参数下转换的薛定谔猫态制备方法，通过泵浦耗尽和投影测量提高生成概率，改进了之前的工作。
A simple model of a two-mode non-resonant parametric amplifier is studied with special regard to non-classical features such as revivals and squeezing. The methods used apply for an arbitrary pump parameter. Detailed analytical and explicit expressions are given when the coupling of the two modes has an harmonic time-dependence. Despite its simplicity the model exhibits a very broad range of intricate physical effects. We show that quantum revivals are possible for a broad continuous range of physical parameters in the case of initial Fock states. For coherent states we find that such revivals…
Nonreciprocal photon blockade induced by parametric amplification in an asymmetrical cavity
提出在非对称法布里-珀罗腔中利用参量放大实现非互易单/双光子阻塞，方案鲁棒且可调，为高质量非互易光子源提供新途径。
Using numerical simulations, we show that two coupled qubits can amplify a weak signal about hundredfold. This can be achieved if the two qubits are biased simultaneously by this weak signal and a strong pump signal, both of which having frequencies close to the inter-level transitions in the system. The weak signal strongly affects the spectrum generated by the strong pumping drive by producing and controlling mixed harmonics with amplitudes of the order of the main harmonic of the strong drive. We show that the amplification is robust with respect to noise, with an intensity of the order of …
We analyze the amplification processes occurring in a nonlinear fiber, either driven with one or two pumps. After determining the solution for the signal and idler fields resulting from these amplification processes, we analyze the physical transformations that these fields undergo. To this aim, we use a Bloch-Messiah decomposition for the symplectic transformation governing the fields evolution. Although conceptually equivalent to other works in this area [McKinstrie and Karlsson, Opt. Expr. 21, 1374 (2013)], this analysis is intended to be particularly simple, gathering results spread in the…
Experimental and numerical investigation of single-beam and pump-probe interaction with a resonantly absorbing dense extended medium under strong and weak field-matter coupling is presented. Significant probe beam amplification and conical emission were observed. Under relatively weak pumping and high medium density, when the condition of strong coupling between field and resonant matter is fulfilled, the probe amplification spectrum has a form of spectral doublet. Stronger pumping leads to the appearance of a single peak of the probe beam amplification at the transition frequency. The greater…
We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate coherence phenomena in optical parametric amplification inside a cavity. The mode splitting in transmission spectra of phase-sensitive optical parametric amplifier is observed. Especially, we show a very narrow dip and peak, which are the shape of $δ$ function, appear in the transmission profile. The origin of the coherence phenomenon in this system is the interference between the harmonic pump field and the subharmonic seed field in cooperation with dissipation of the cavity.
Investigating pump harmonics generation in a SNAIL-based Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier
本文实验研究了基于SNAIL的约瑟夫森行波参量放大器，重点分析泵浦二次和三次谐波产生与放大行为，并通过瞬态数值模拟揭示了约瑟夫森结制造缺陷对谐波产生和增益的影响。
Phase-sensitive optical parametric amplification of squeezed states helps to overcome detection loss and noise and thus increase the robustness of sub-shot-noise sensing. Because such techniques, e.g., imaging and spectroscopy, operate with multimode light, multimode amplification is required. Here we find the optimal methods for multimode phase-sensitive amplification and verify them in an experiment where a pumped second-order nonlinear crystal is seeded with a Gaussian coherent beam. Phase-sensitive amplification is obtained by tightly focusing the seed into the crystal, rather than seeding…
Coherent control of optomechanical entanglement and steering via dual parametric amplification
本文提出利用双倍频放大和反馈环路控制光机械系统中的量子关联，通过调节参数实现强且抗热噪声的量子关联。
We develop a model for parametric amplification, based on a density matrix approach, which naturally accounts for the peculiarities arising for matter waves: significant depletion and explicit time-dependence of the source state population, long interaction times, and spatial dynamics of the amplified modes. We apply our model to explain the details in an experimental study on twin-atom beam emission from a one-dimensional degenerate Bose gas.
In the last few years, several groups have proposed and developed their own platforms demonstrating quantum-limited linear parametric amplification, with evident applications in quantum information and computation, electrical and optical metrology, radio astronomy and basic physics concerning axion detection. Here we propose a short review on the physics behind parametric amplification via metamaterials composed by coplanar wave-guides embedding several Josephson junctions. We present and compare different schemes that exploit the nonlinearity of the Josephson current-phase relation to mix the…
We study statistics of work done by two classical electric field pumps (two-photon and one-photon resonant pumps) on a quantum optical oscillator. We compute moment generating function for the energy change of the oscillator, interpreted as work done by the classical drives on the quantum oscillator starting out in a thermalized Boltzmann state. The moment generating function is inverted, analytically when only one of the pumps is turned on and numerically when both the pumps are turned on, to get the probability function for the work. The resulting probability function for the work done by th…
Breaking the symmetry in a coupled wave system can result in unusual amplification behavior. In the case of difference parametric amplification the resonant pump frequency is equal to the difference, instead of the sum, frequency of the normal modes. We show that sign reversal in the symmetry relation of parametric coupling give rise to difference parametric amplification as a dual of optical parametric amplification. For optical systems, our result can potentially be used for efficient XUV amplification.
We investigate the propagation of a coherent probe light pulse through a three-level atomic medium (in the $Λ$--configuration) in the presence of a pump laser under the conditions for gain without inversion. When the carrier frequency of the probe pulse and the pump laser are in a Raman configuration, we show that it is possible to amplify a slow propagating pulse. We also analyze the regime in which the probe pulse is slightly detuned from resonance where we observe anomalous light propagation.
Parametric amplification in a Kerr Oscillator based on Ne FIB Nanobridges
本研究制备嵌入Nb纳米桥DC SQUID的Nb基CPW谐振器，通过双音光谱法研究其非线性行为，实现15 dB参量放大，验证了克尔非线性振荡器模型并提出设计改进方向。
We present novel experimental results demonstrating the coherence properties of the nonlinear emission from semiconductor microcavities in the strong coupling regime, recently interpreted by parametric polariton four-wave mixing. We use a geometry corresponding to degenerate four-wave mixing. In addition to the predicted threshold dependence of the emission on the pump power and spectral blue shift, we observe a phase dependence of the amplification which is a signature of a coherent polariton wave mixing process.
Superconducting parametric amplifiers are commonly fabricated using planar transmission lines with a non-linear inductance provided by either Josephson junctions or the intrinsic kinetic inductance of the thin film. However, Banys et al. [1] reported non-linear behaviour in a niobium pillbox cavity, hypothesising that below Tc, the pair iris-bulk resonator would act as a superconducting contact surface exploiting a Josephson-like non-linearity. This work investigates this effect further by applying Keysight Technologies' Advanced Design System (ADS) to simulate the cavity using an equivalent c…
This short and opinionated review starts with a concept of quantum signals at microwave frequencies and focuses on the principle of linear parametric amplification. The amplification process arises from the dispersive nonlinearity of Josephson junctions driven with appropriate tones. We discuss two defining characteristics of these amplifiers: the number of modes receiving the signal, idler and pump waves and the number of independent ports through which these waves enter into the circuit.
Fundamental principles and applications of nonlinear optical phenomena in classical and quantum electrodynamics
本文针对微纳技术领域中非线性光学现象的应用需求，阐述了非线性光学材料与系统的一般特性，重点研究了参量放大、带泵浦耗尽的倍频、光量子噪声及参量荧光等内容。
Single-mode Josephson junction-based parametric amplifiers are often modeled as perfect amplifiers and squeezers. We show that, in practice, the gain, quantum efficiency, and output field squeezing of these devices are limited by usually neglected higher-order corrections to the idealized model. To arrive at this result, we derive the leading corrections to the lumped-element Josephson parametric amplifier of three common pumping schemes: monochromatic current pump, bichromatic current pump, and monochromatic flux pump. We show that the leading correction for the last two schemes is a single K…
The 'optical spring' results from dynamical back-action and can be used to improve the sensitivity of cavity-enhanced gravitational-wave detectors. The effect occurs if an oscillation of the cavity length results in an oscillation of the intra-cavity light power having such a phase relation that the light's radiation pressure force amplifies the oscillation of the cavity length. Here, we analyse a Michelson interferometer whose optical-spring cavity includes an additional optical-parametric amplifier with adjustable phase. We find that the phase of the parametric pump field is a versatile para…
Collective amplification and anisotropic narrowing of alignment signals in cesium vapor under strong spin exchange near zero magnetic field
研究在强自旋交换条件下近零磁场下线性极化光泵浦铯蒸气中对齐信号异常各向异性现象，通过实验发现垂直于泵浦光束平面的Hanle共振的各向异性随浓度增加而增加，在一个方向上宽度仍由自旋交换保持宽化，而在另一个方向上则接近无自旋交换弛豫限制。随着浓度进一步增加，出现非线性效应，如信号放大、双稳态、滞回和记忆。通过构建一个包含自发极化效应的理论模型来解释这些效应，模型表明超窄对齐共振可能源于自旋横向取向投影到检测轴上的四极子各向异性。这些共振的独特性质，如极小的宽度和由磁场控制的双稳态及长期记忆效应，使其在量子传感和信息中具有应用前景。
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