大规模生产级物理模拟代码中的功率与能源利用情况研究
Understanding Power and Energy Utilization in Large Scale Production Physics Simulation Codes
AI总结：
针对百亿亿次计算中功率测量难的问题，研究通过实验测量真实模拟代码的功率能耗，发现大规模物理模拟代码效率远高于TDP模型估算值。
摘要：
在迈向百亿亿次（Exascale）计算的进程中，功率是人们转向先进架构时经常提及的原因。这既与为成功部署并运行这些机器提供足够电力的实际考量有关，也源于运行大型模拟时的能源使用担忧。由于获取准确的功率测量值颇具难度，人们可能会倾向于使用处理器热设计功率（TDP）作为替代指标，因为它简单且易获取。然而，TDP并不能反映运行模拟时的典型功率使用情况。我们利用劳伦斯利弗莫尔和桑迪亚国家实验室的商用及先进技术系统，开展了一系列实验来测量运行模拟代码时的功率与能源使用情况。这些实验表明，劳伦斯利弗莫尔的大规模模拟代码的效率远高于简单的处理器TDP模型所显示的水平。
英文摘要：
Power is an often-cited reason for the move to advanced architectures on the path to Exascale computing. This is due to practical considerations related to delivering enough power to successfully site and operate these machines, as well as concerns about energy usage while running large simulations. Since obtaining accurate power measurements can be challenging, it may be tempting to use the processor thermal design power (TDP) as a surrogate due to its simplicity and availability. However, TDP is not indicative of typical power usage while running simulations. Using commodity and advanced technology systems at Lawrence Livermore and Sandia National Labs, we performed a series of experiments to measure power and energy usage in running simulation codes. These experiments indicate that large scale Lawrence Livermore simulation codes are significantly more efficient than a simple processor TDP model might suggest.
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