Isatis对原初黑洞可探测性的限制：一个BlackHawk工具
Limits on primordial black holes detectability with Isatis: A BlackHawk tool
摘要：
原始黑洞（PBH）是解释难以捉摸的暗物质（DM）的方便候选者。然而，多年来各种天文观测的限制限制了它们在广泛质量范围内的丰度，对于所有以PBH形式存在的DM，只留下了$10^{17}\,{\rm g} \lesssim M \lesssim 10^{22}\,$ g的狭窄窗口。我们重新审视这一有争议的窗口与批判性的眼睛，询问的一般假设下的直接光子约束。我们回顾了4个层次的假设：i）仪器特性，ii）（额外的）银河光子通量的预测，iii）信号数据比较的统计方法和iv）计算的霍金辐射率。多亏了Isatis，一个为公共霍金辐射代码BlackHawk设计的新工具，我们首先重新审视了PBH丰度的现有和预期限制，并调查了假设i）-iv）的影响。我们表明，约束可以变化几个数量级，主张减少不确定性的理论来源的必要性。其次，我们考虑了一个“理想”的仪器，我们证明了PBH DM方案只能受到直接光子霍金辐射现象低于$M_{\rm max} \sim 10^{20}\,$ g。因此，应通过其他方式关闭质量窗口的上部。
英文摘要：
Primordial black holes (PBHs) are convenient candidates to explain the elusive dark matter (DM). However, years of constraints from various astronomical observations have constrained their abundance over a wide range of masses, leaving only a narrow window open at $10^{17}\,{\rm g} \lesssim M \lesssim 10^{22}\,$g for all DM in the form of PBHs. We reexamine this disputed window with a critical eye, interrogating the general hypotheses underlying the direct photon constraints. We review 4 levels of assumptions: i) instrument characteristics, ii) prediction of the (extra)galactic photon flux, iii) statistical method of signal-to-data comparison and iv) computation of the Hawking radiation rate. Thanks to Isatis, a new tool designed for the public Hawking radiation code BlackHawk, we first revisit the existing and prospective constraints on the PBH abundance and investigate the impact of assumptions i)-iv). We show that the constraints can vary by several orders of magnitude, advocating the necessity of a reduction of the theoretical sources of uncertainties. Second, we consider an "ideal" instrument and we demonstrate that the PBH DM scenario can only be constrained by the direct photon Hawking radiation phenomenon below $M_{\rm max} \sim 10^{20}\,$g. The upper part of the mass window should therefore be closed by other means.
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