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arXiv 2201.00292stat.MLcs.LGmath.PR
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机器学习在帕累托前沿的公平数据表示

Fair Data Representation for Machine Learning at the Pareto Frontier

University of California Davis(加州大学戴维斯分校)

Shizhou Xu, Thomas Strohmer

AI总结:

提出一种基于最优仿射传输的公平数据表示预处理算法,通过逼近Wasserstein-2重心刻画预测误差与统计差异的帕累托前沿,兼具计算高效性与敏感信息保护能力。

摘要:

随着机器学习驱动的决策制定在我们的日常生活中变得越来越重要,在底层数据处理中追求公平性势在必行。我们提出了一种用于公平数据表示的预处理算法,通过该算法,监督学习能够得出预测误差与统计差异之间帕累托前沿的估计。具体而言,本研究应用最优仿射传输,通过预处理数据变形来逼近事后 Wasserstein-2 重心刻画,从而实现最优公平 $L^2$-目标监督学习。此外,我们证明了从学习结果的条件分布(基于敏感信息)到其重心的 Wasserstein-2 测地线,刻画了 $L^2$-损失与敏感群体在学习结果上的平均成对 Wasserstein-2 距离之间的帕累托前沿。数值模拟强调了以下优势:(1) 预处理步骤可与任意条件期望估计监督学习方法和未见数据组合使用;(2) 公平表示通过限制剩余数据对敏感数据的推断能力来保护敏感信息;(3) 最优仿射映射即使对于高维数据也具有计算效率。

英文摘要:

As machine learning powered decision-making becomes increasingly important in our daily lives, it is imperative to strive for fairness in the underlying data processing. We propose a pre-processing algorithm for fair data representation via which supervised learning results in estimations of the Pareto frontier between prediction error and statistical disparity. Particularly, the present work applies the optimal affine transport to approach the post-processing Wasserstein-2 barycenter characterization of the optimal fair $L^2$-objective supervised learning via a pre-processing data deformation. Furthermore, we show that the Wasserstein-2 geodesics from the conditional (on sensitive information) distributions of the learning outcome to their barycenter characterizes the Pareto frontier between $L^2$-loss and the average pairwise Wasserstein-2 distance among sensitive groups on the learning outcome. Numerical simulations underscore the advantages: (1) the pre-processing step is compositive with arbitrary conditional expectation estimation supervised learning methods and unseen data; (2) the fair representation protects the sensitive information by limiting the inference capability of the remaining data with respect to the sensitive data; (3) the optimal affine maps are computationally efficient even for high-dimensional data.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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