使用laser -热推进的快速过境到火星任务的设计
Design of a rapid transit to Mars mission using laser-thermal propulsion
摘要：
以火星快速运输为设计目标，探讨了定向能在航天器任务设计中的应用。光子激光器技术的不断发展将使一个前所未有的尺寸（直径10 μ m）和功率（100 MW）的地球激光器阵列成为可能。这种尺寸并结合大气补偿的相控阵激光器将能够向地月空间的航天器提供激光功率，入射激光通过充气反射器聚焦到氢加热室中。氢推进剂然后通过喷嘴排出以实现3000 s的比冲。该架构被证明是立即可重复使用，通过烧回机动返回推进单元，而仍然在地球上的激光范围内。容忍更大的激光通量的能力使得能够实现高推力和高比冲的组合，使得这种方法与激光-电推进相比是有利的，并且占据类似于气芯核热火箭（没有必要的反应堆）的参数空间。加热室及其相关的再生冷却和推进剂处理系统是设计的关键要素，在这项研究中受到特别关注。还详细分析了45天过境后到达火星所需的天体动力学和极端的空中捕获机动。讨论了激光热推进作为太阳系内外其他快速运输飞行任务的赋能技术的应用。
英文摘要：
The application of directed energy to spacecraft mission design is explored using rapid transit to Mars as the design objective. An Earth-based laser array of unprecedented size (10~m diameter) and power (100~MW) is assumed to be enabled by ongoing developments in photonic laser technology. A phased-array laser of this size and incorporating atmospheric compensation would be able to deliver laser power to spacecraft in cislunar space, where the incident laser is focused into a hydrogen heating chamber via an inflatable reflector. The hydrogen propellant is then exhausted through a nozzle to realize specific impulses of 3000 s. The architecture is shown to be immediately reusable via a burn-back maneuver to return the propulsion unit while still within range of the Earth-based laser. The ability to tolerate much greater laser fluxes enables realizing the combination of high thrust and high specific impulse, making this approach favorable in comparison to laser-electric propulsion and occupying a parameter space similar to gas-core nuclear thermal rockets (without the requisite reactor). The heating chamber and its associated regenerative cooling and propellant handling systems are crucial elements of the design that receive special attention in this study. The astrodynamics and the extreme aerocapture maneuver required at Mars arrival after a 45-day transit are also analyzed in detail. The application of laser-thermal propulsion as an enabling technology for other rapid transit missions in the solar system and beyond is discussed.
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