利用基于能源生产的指标监测灾后复原力和不平等增长
Resilience and inequality growth monitoring after disaster using indicators based on energy production
摘要：
灾后复原力的估计和不平等增长的确定往往很困难。在这项研究中，具体的指标来分析弹性，弹性的轨迹进行了比较。能源生产与描述社会和经济活动的变化有关。该指标被应用于自然灾害的案例研究，即2017年的飓风伊尔玛。这场飓风在加勒比海的圣马丁岛和圣巴泰勒米岛造成人员伤亡和破坏，这两个岛屿是法国的海外领地。飓风"厄玛"过后，由于电网被毁以及经济和社会活动受到干扰，能源生产大幅下降。圣巴泰勒米的能源生产恢复率高于圣马丁。灾后电力恢复率几乎是恒定的。然而，飓风“厄玛”过后18个月圣巴泰勒米的发电量与飓风“厄玛”之前相同;圣马丁的情况则不同。在恢复期间，观察到圣巴泰勒米和圣马丁的能源生产之间的差距扩大。这项研究表明，这一差距表明圣巴泰勒米（人均国内生产总值为40 000欧元）和圣马丁（人均国内生产总值为16 600欧元）之间的不平等加剧。这些指标强调，自然灾害后的不平等增长有利于脆弱性较低和更具复原力的地区。在制定指标时必须考虑居民人数，以避免任何偏差。
英文摘要：
The estimation of resilience and the determination of inequality growth after a disaster is often difficult. In this study, specific indicators were developed to analyze resilience, and the trajectories of resilience were compared. Energy production is relevant for describing variations in social and economic activities. This indicator was applied to a case study of a natural disaster, that is Hurricane Irma in 2017. The hurricane caused fatalities and destruction in the Caribbean islands of Saint Martin and Saint Barthelemy, which are two French overseas territories. Energy production after Hurricane Irma exhibited a significant decrease due to the destruction of the electricity network as well as perturbations in economic and social activities. The energy production restoration rate was higher in Saint Barthelemy than in Saint Martin. The electricity restoration rate after a disaster was almost constant. However, the energy production 18 months after Hurricane Irma was identical to that before Hurricane Irma in Saint Barthelemy; this was not the case in Saint Martin. During resilience, an increase in the gap between energy production in Saint Barthelemy and Saint Martin was observed. This study indicated that this gap represents an inequality growth between Saint Barthelemy (gross domestic product (GDP) of 40 000 euros/inhabitant) and Saint Martin (GDP of 16 600 euros/inhabitant). The indicators emphasized that inequality growth after natural disasters favors less vulnerable and more resilient territories. The number of inhabitants must be considered during indicator construction to avoid any bias.
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