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arXiv 2201.00202hep-phhep-exhep-thnucl-exnucl-th
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大型强子对撞机质子碰撞中可能的早期宇宙信号

Possible early universe signals in proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider

Raghunath Sahoo, Tapan Kumar Nayak

备注：
7 pages and 7 figures, written for general multi-disciplinary readers, Published version in Current Science
发表信息：
Current Science 121, 1403 (2021)
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摘要：

我们的宇宙诞生于大约138亿年前，从一个极其炎热和密集的奇点开始，这个过程被称为大爆炸。在这个系统诞生后的几微秒内，炽热而致密的物质占据了主导地位，它以基本夸克和胶子汤的形式存在，被称为夸克-胶子等离子体（QGP）。在超相对论能量的重离子（如Au或Pb）碰撞中，实验观察到与QGP物质形成相容的特征。最近，在欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机（LHC）的质子-质子（pp）碰撞的实验数据也显示出类似于QGP形成的信号，这使得这些研究对于小系统碰撞如何产生早期宇宙信号非常有启发性。在这篇文章中，我们报告了一些令人信服的实验结果，并给出了目前的理解。我们回顾了大型强子对撞机的pp物理计划，并在探索早期宇宙中原始物质性质的背景下讨论了未来的前景。

英文摘要：

Our universe was born about 13.8 billion years ago from an extremely hot and dense singular point, in a process known as the Big Bang. The hot and dense matter which dominated the system within a few microseconds of its birth was in the form of a soup of elementary quarks and gluons, known as the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Signatures compatible with the formation of the QGP matter have experimentally been observed in heavy-ion (such as Au or Pb) collisions at ultra-relativistic energies. Recently, experimental data of proton-proton (pp) collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have also shown signals resembling those of the QGP formation, which made these studies quite stimulating as to how the collision of small systems features in producing the early universe signals. In this article, we report on some of the compelling experimental results and give an account of the present understanding. We review the pp physics program at the LHC and discuss future prospects in the context of exploring the nature of the primordial matter in the early universe.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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