用量子试样收集器实现实验量子优势
Experimental quantum advantage with quantum coupon collector
摘要：
近年来，越来越多的具有量子优势的通信和计算方案被提出，这意味着量子技术具有广阔的应用前景。然而，由于制备高维态或高度纠缠态的困难，实验证明这些方案仍然是一个核心挑战。在这项研究中，我们介绍和分析了量子优惠券收集器协议，采用相干态和简单的线性光学元件，这是成功地证明了使用现实的实验设备。我们表明，我们的协议可以显着减少学习特定集合所需的样本数量相比，经典的限制优惠券收集器问题。通过构造一个量子盲盒博弈，讨论了量子优惠券收集器的潜在价值和扩展。所提出的游戏所传递的信息也突破了经典极限。这些结果有力地证明了量子力学在机器学习和通信复杂性方面的优势。
英文摘要：
An increasing number of communication and computational schemes with quantum advantages have recently been proposed, which implies that quantum technology has fertile application prospects. However, demonstrating these schemes experimentally continues to be a central challenge because of the difficulty in preparing high-dimensional states or highly entangled states. In this study, we introduce and analyse a quantum coupon collector protocol by employing coherent states and simple linear optical elements, which was successfully demonstrated using realistic experimental equipment. We showed that our protocol can significantly reduce the number of samples needed to learn a specific set compared with the classical limit of the coupon collector problem. We also discuss the potential values and expansions of the quantum coupon collector by constructing a quantum blind box game. The information transmitted by the proposed game also broke the classical limit. These results strongly prove the advantages of quantum mechanics in machine learning and communication complexity.
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