共存相中Action的化学动力学和质量
Chemical Kinetics and Mass Action in Coexisting Phases
摘要：
化学反应的动力学是由质量作用定律决定的，它已成功地应用于均匀的稀混合物。在非稀释条件下，组分之间的相互作用可产生共存相，这可显著改变化学反应的动力学。在这里，我们推导出一个理论的化学反应共存相在相平衡。我们表明，相平衡耦合的化学反应速率的成分与它们的相之间的扩散交换。引人注目的是，化学弛豫动力学可以表示为沿着相图中的相平衡线的流动。我们的理论的一个关键发现是，共存相之间的反应速率的差异完全源于相依赖的反应速率系数。我们的理论是解释凝聚相中反应组分的浓度水平如何控制合成和生物系统中的化学反应速率的关键。
英文摘要：
The kinetics of chemical reactions are determined by the law of mass action, which has been successfully applied to homogeneous, dilute mixtures. At non-dilute conditions, interactions among the components can give rise to coexisting phases, which can significantly alter the kinetics of chemical reactions. Here, we derive a theory for chemical reactions in coexisting phases at phase equilibrium. We show that phase equilibrium couples the rates of chemical reactions of components with their diffusive exchanges between the phases. Strikingly, the chemical relaxation kinetics can be represented as a flow along the phase equilibrium line in the phase diagram. A key finding of our theory is that differences in reaction rates between coexisting phases stem solely from phase-dependent reaction rate coefficients. Our theory is key to interpret how concentration levels of reactive components in condensed phases control chemical reaction rates in synthetic and biological systems.
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