Evidence-based medicine, the practice in which healthcare professionals refer to the best available evidence when making decisions, forms the foundation of modern healthcare. However, it relies on labour-intensive systematic reviews, where domain specialists must aggregate and extract information from thousands of publications, primarily of randomised controlled trial (RCT) results, into evidence tables. This paper investigates automating evidence table generation by decomposing the problem across two language processing tasks: \textit{named entity recognition}, which identifies key entities within text, such as drug names, and \textit{relation extraction}, which maps their relationships for separating them into ordered tuples. We focus on the automatic tabulation of sentences from published RCT abstracts that report the results of the study outcomes. Two deep neural net models were developed as part of a joint extraction pipeline, using the principles of transfer learning and transformer-based language representations. To train and test these models, a new gold-standard corpus was developed, comprising almost 600 result sentences from six disease areas. This approach demonstrated significant advantages, with our system performing well across multiple natural language processing tasks and disease areas, as well as in generalising to disease domains unseen during training. Furthermore, we show these results were achievable through training our models on as few as 200 example sentences. The final system is a proof of concept that the generation of evidence tables can be semi-automated, representing a step towards fully automating systematic reviews.
Gradient Imitation Reinforcement Learning for General Low-Resource Information Extraction
Tsinghua University（清华大学）；Amazon（亚马逊）；University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；University of Illinois at Chicago（伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校）
Quantitative Evidence Mining for Plausibility-Aware Biomedical AI: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Framework
Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI)（弗劳恩霍夫算法与科学计算研究所（SCAI））；Kairntech SAS（Kairntech公司）；Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (b-it), University of Bonn（波恩大学波恩-亚琛国际信息技术中心（b-it））
Harnessing Large Language Models for Biomedical Named Entity Recognition
Department of Data Science and Big Data Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China（数据科学与大数据技术学院，海南大学，海口570228，中国）；Department of Mathematics, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China（数学学院，海南大学，海口570228，中国）；Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10022, USA（流行病学与公共卫生科学学院，韦尔·柯尔医学中心，纽约10022，美国）
AD-CDO: A Lightweight Ontology for Representing Eligibility Criteria in Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Trials
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston（德克萨斯大学休斯顿健康科学中心）；Indiana University School of Medicine（印第安纳大学医学院）；Mayo Clinic in Florida（佛罗里达梅奥诊所）
