基于电阻抗成像和遗传算法的自感知复合材料损伤精确成形
Precise Damage Shaping in Self-Sensing Composites Using Electrical Impedance Tomography and Genetic Algorithms
摘要：
具有纳米填料改性聚合物基体的纤维增强复合材料具有巨大的潜力，可以提高高风险工程结构的安全性。这些材料本质上是自感知的，因为它们的导电性受到变形和损坏的影响。这种被称为压阻的特性已经被广泛地用于通过电阻变化方法和断层成像技术（例如电阻抗断层成像（EIT））进行基于电导率的损伤检测。尽管这些技术在检测损伤的存在方面非常有效，但是它们无法提供关于损伤形状、大小或机制的精确信息。这对于层压复合材料尤其有害，层压复合材料可能遭受复杂的失效模式，例如难以检测的分层。为此，我们在此提出了一种新的技术，用于精确地确定损伤的形状和尺寸的自感知复合材料。我们的技术利用遗传算法（GA）与现实的基于物理的损伤模型相结合，通过EIT成像的电导率变化恢复精确的损伤形状。我们实验验证了这种技术的碳纤维（CNF）改性玻璃纤维增强聚合物（GFRP）层压板考虑两个特定的损伤机制：通孔和分层。我们的研究结果表明，这种新的技术可以准确地重建多个通孔的半径小至1.19毫米和分层所造成的低速冲击。这些研究结果表明，耦合压阻率与基于电导率的空间成像技术和基于物理的反演策略，可以使自感知复合结构的损伤整形能力。
英文摘要：
Fiber-reinforced composites with nanofiller-modified polymer matrices have immense potential to improve the safety of high-risk engineering structures. These materials are intrinsically self-sensing because their electrical conductivity is affected by deformations and damage. This property, known as piezoresistivity, has been extensively leveraged for conductivity-based damage detection via electrical resistance change methods and tomographic imaging techniques such as electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Although these techniques are very effective at detecting the presence of damage, they suffer from an inability to provide precise information about damage shape, size, or mechanism. This is particularly detrimental for laminated composites which can suffer from complex failure modes, such as delaminations, that are difficult to detect. To that end, we herein propose a new technique for precisely determining damage shape and size in self-sensing composites. Our technique makes use of a genetic algorithm (GA) integrated with realistic physics-based damage models to recover precise damage shape from conductivity changes imaged via EIT. We experimentally validate this technique on carbon nanofiber (CNF)-modified glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates by considering two specific damage mechanisms: through-holes and delaminations. Our results show that this novel technique can accurately reconstruct multiple through-holes with radii as small as 1.19 mm and delaminations caused by low velocity impacts. These findings illustrate that coupling piezoresistivity with conductivity-based spatial imaging techniques and physics-based inversion strategies can enable damage shaping capabilities in self-sensing composite structures.
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